A new species of Kentropyxia Baker, 1982 parasitic in the small intestine of Osteocephalus taurinus Steindachner (Anura: Hylidae) from the Brazilian Eastern Amazon

Abstract

Kentropyxia hylae n. sp. is described based on material from small intestine of Osteocephalus taurinus Steindachner from Caxiuanã National Forest, municipality of Melgaço, state of Pará, Brazil. The new species is easily distinguished from the type-species and only species of the genus, Kentropyxia sauria Baker, 1982, by its smaller dimensions, the presence of cervical alae, spicules divided into three parts: a robust, single pointed outer processes ending with small finger-like projections and latero-dorsal and latero-ventral processes branching at final portion of spicule into six main branches, each ending with 14 projections in the latero-dorsal process and 15 projections in the latero-ventral process and by the presence of a middle groove in bursa ray 4. This is the second species parasitic in hylids from the Brazilian Amazon and a new parasite for O. taurinus.

Do host habitat use and cospeciation matter in the evolution ofOswaldocruzia(Nematoda, Molineidae) from neotropical amphibians?

“…According to Ben Slimane et al (1996), this morphological trait is considered plesiomorphic in Molineidae. Therefore, the position of K. hylae in our phylogeny, the presence of type I bursa and corona radiata in these species reinforce the hypothesis raised by Ben Slimane et al (1996) and Feitosa et al (2015) that Kentropyxia spp. emerged first, before the species of Oswaldocruzia (figs 2 and 3).…”

“…However, we observed that the morphology of molineid nematodes of amphibians seemed to be highly conserved, and despite the cephalic structures, no distinctive ultrastructural characters were observed between the two genera. We also observed the discontinuous nature of the longitudinal ridges, as pointed out by Santos et al (2008); Feitosa et al (2015) and Willkens et al (2016). The ridges seem to occasionally appear and disappear along the body, resulting in a variable number of ridges for both Kentropyxia and Oswaldocruzia .…”

“…parasitic in Smilisca baudinii (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) from Mexico (KC130711, KC130712, KC130714, KC130715 and KC130716). Considering the absence of sequences from other molineid taxa parasitic in amphibians from the neotropics, we also obtained a novel sequence from the same sample as the type series of Kentropyxia hylae Feitosa et al , 2015, a molineid nematode parasitic in Osteocephalus taurinus Steindachner, 1862 from the eastern Amazon for genetic divergence evaluation and we used a sequence of Amphibiophilus mooiensis (Nematoda, Amphibiophilidae) Svitin & Du-Preez (2018) from GenBank for tree rooting.…”

Redescription of Oswaldocruzia chambrieri (Strongylida: Molineidae) from Rhinella margaritifera (Anura: Bufonidae) in Caxiuanã National Forest, Brazil

“…In the present study, using light microscopy, we also observed that the analyzed specimens have a pair of internal bursal papillae and that ray 4 has a medial groove. The presence of a medial groove in ray 4 has also been observed in another Molineidae nematode species by Feitosa et al (2015). This character could be present in all species of the family and should be added to diagnostic traits for the family; however, detailed studies of these species are necessary.…”

A new species of Parapharyngodon Chatterji, 1933 (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae), parasitic in Osteocephalus taurinus (Anura: Hylidae) from Brazil

“…According to Campião et al (2014), almost 92% of anurans in Brazil have not been examined for helminth parasites. Currently, the only nematodes reported to parasitize O. taurinus are Physalopteroides venancioi Lent, Freitas, & Proença 1946, Ochoterenella vellardi Travassos, 1929, and Kentropyxia hylae Feitosa, Furtado, Santos & Melo 2015 (Campião et al , 2014; Feitosa et al , 2015). The present work reports and describes a new species of Parapharyngodon parasite from the large intestines of O. taurinus from the Caxiuanã National Forest, Brazil.…”