A new species of the Neoplecostomine catfish Pareiorhaphis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Coastal basins of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil

Abstract

Pareiorhaphis ruschii, new species, is the first neoplecostomine catfish of the genus Pareiorhaphis described based on material from tributaries to the rio Piraquê-Açu and rio Reis Magos, both small coastal drainages in the State of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil. The new species is promptly diagnosed from all its congeners by features related to the morphology of the lower lip margin, number of preadipose azygous plates, size and shape of the pectoral-fin spine, and caudal-fin skeleton. Additionally, sexual dimorphism of the new species is marked by hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral margins of head slightly directed forward in adult males.Pareiorhaphis ruschii, espécie nova, é o primeiro cascudo neoplecostomíneo do gênero Pareiorhaphis descrito de afluentes dos rios Piraquê-Açu e Reis Magos, ambos pequenas bacias costeiras do estado do Espírito Santo, leste do Brasil. A espécie nova é prontamente diagnosticada de todas as demais congêneres por caracteres relacionados à morfologia da margem do lábio inferior, número de placas ázigas pré-adiposas, forma e tamanho do raio não ramificado das nadadeiras peitorais e forma do esqueleto da nadadeira caudal. O dimorfismo sexual da espécie nova é marcado pelos odontódeos hipertrofiados na margem lateral da cabeça que são ligeiramente orientados anteriormente em machos adultos.

Ficha de Pareiorhaphis ruschii

“…Pareiorhaphis ruschii é endêmica do Brasil e ocorre nos terços superior e médio das bacias dos rios Reis Magos e Piraquê-Açu, no estado do Espírito Santo (Pereira et al, 2012).…”

“…Pareiorhaphis ruschii apresenta acentuado dimorfismo sexual, no qual os machos possuem uma dobra da pele na superfície dorsal do raio não-ramificado da nadadeira pélvica, espinho espesso na nadadeira peitoral, lóbulos carnosos nas margens laterais da cabeça com odontódeos hipertrofiados emergentes e nas nadadeiras Distribuição Global Estados Espírito Santo Biomas Mata Atlântica Bacias Hidrográficas Sub-bacia Litoral ES peitorais. As fêmeas, por outro lado, apresentam a abertura urogenital inchada, enquanto que os machos têm a papila urogenital menor e mais pontiaguda (Pereira et al, 2012).…”

Iterative taxonomic study of Pareiorhaphis hystrix (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) suggests a single, yet phenotypically variable, species in south Brazil

“…Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 was removed from the synonymy of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann, 1889 by Pereira [ 3 ] to reflect the phylogenetic relationships of the Delturinae and Neoplecostominae [ 4 ]. Pareiorhaphis currently has 26 valid species [ 5 ] and is endemic to Brazil, occurring in main coastal river drainages of south, southeast and northeast Brazil, in addition to eastern versants tributaries to the Paraná and São Francisco rivers [ 5 , 6 ]. Species of Pareiorhaphis inhabit streams of strong water current and rocky bottom, usually being abundant where they occur, with greater diversity in the Doce River and coastal rivers of Santa Catarina State [ 5 , 7 ].…”

Continental fishes from the Tambaba Environmentally Protected Area, Paraíba State, Brazil

“…Throughout its distribution exhibits several types and subtypes of tropical and subtropical forests, comprising the second largest forest in South America (Gouveia et al, 2017). Preservation and conservation of the Atlantic Forest rivers and ichthyofauna are imperative due to its high endemicity rate (e.g., Gomiero & Braga, 2006;Oyakawa et al, 2006;Menezes et al, 2007;Miranda, 2012;Gouveia et al, 2017) and exclusive ecological characteristics (e.g., Barbosa & Costa, 2012;Pereira et al, 2012). Menezes et al (2007) listed 325 freshwater fish species for a portion of Atlantic forest in the Brazilian southeastern region.…”

“…These authors called attention to the lack of taxonomic data related to the fish fauna for the Atlantic forest in the Brazilian northeast region; Abilhoa et al (2011) recorded 269 freshwater species for streams in this region through data taken from the literature, and Camelier & Zanata (2014) recognized 169 native freshwater species for the northeastern Atlantic Forest ecoregion. Many species were recently described within this region (Barbosa & Costa, 2012;Pereira et al, 2012;Zanata & Pitanga, 2016;Craig et al, 2017;de Pinna et al, 2018;Burger et al, 2019) with achievements of several related studies on the systematics and biogeography of the continental ichthyofauna of the Forest Atlantic.…”