A new specimen geometry to determine the through-thickness tensile strength of composite laminates

Hoffmann, Marco; Zimmermann, Kristian; Bautz, Brian; Middendorf, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.020

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A three-point bending test [17] is used to find the interlaminar shear strength, while, most of the time, the interlaminar tensile strength is obtained by a four-point bending test [18], initially proposed by Jackson [19]. Nevertheless, it is possible to use the three-point bending test with a stacking sequence along the axial direction of the test [20] or use the tensile test in the interlaminar direction [21,22] to obtain the interlaminar tensile strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical analysis of unfolding failure of L-shaped CFRP specimens

Journoud

Castanié

Laurin

et al. 2020

Composite Structures

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HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical analysis of unfolding failure of L-shaped CFRP specimens

Journoud

Castanié

Laurin

et al. 2020

Composite Structures

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“…13 These differences could be related to the stress distribution in different specimen geometries, different fiber architecture, different quality of interface (fiber/matrix bonding strength), as well as potential differences in material defects and residual stresses from manufacturing. 1 Specimen alignment was verified by DIC and using three strain gages according to the procedure detailed in the ASTM E1012 standard. 23 No indication of bending was observed by the DIC full-field strain measurements.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major issues for thick laminates is delamination. 1 Furthermore, reliable mechanical models of FRPCs for the design of structural components demand knowledge of their tridimensional mechanical properties as input data. In-plane elastic properties have been extensively studied, [2][3][4] and standardized test methods for tensile, 5 compressive, 6 and shear 7,8 properties exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to thin laminate applications where plane stress can be assumed, thick laminated composites exhibit out‐of‐plane (i.e., TT) stresses, which are critical for a safe design. One of the major issues for thick laminates is delamination 1 . Furthermore, reliable mechanical models of FRPCs for the design of structural components demand knowledge of their tridimensional mechanical properties as input data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Through‐thickness tensile characterization and analysis of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites using digital image correlation and finite element modeling

Ayuso‐Faber,

Uribe‐Riestra,

Arana

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis (FEA) are used to assess the cylindrical spool‐shaped ASTM D7291 and I‐beam‐shaped specimens for through‐thickness (TT) mechanical characterization of thick (~25 mm) fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. The composites are made of E‐glass woven fabrics reinforcing a vinyl ester matrix. DIC full‐field measurements and FEA showed a rather uniform strain distribution within the gage section of the ASTM D7291 specimen. However, strain concentrations are revealed at the bondlines between the end‐tabs and the test specimen, in addition to strain gradients at the curved section of the specimen. DIC‐measured and FEA‐predicted strain fields of the I‐beam specimens exhibited a region of uniform strain distribution within the gage section larger than that of the ASTM D7291 specimen. Nevertheless, high stress concentrations at the fillet (curved flange‐to‐web transition) regions and some amount of web bending occur in the I‐beam specimen. Beyond providing the TT mechanical properties of the E‐glass woven/vinyl ester composites, the current work discusses advantages and caveats of both promising specimens, providing quantifications of stress concentration factors and length of zones were strains and stresses may be considered uniform.Highlights Stress/strain distributions of through‐thickness tensile specimens are evaluated. The main drawback of the spool‐shaped specimen is adhesive failure. The modified I‐beam specimen shows acceptable stress concentration factors. The modified I‐beam is adequate for strength and Poisson ratio characterization. I‐beam specimens are easier to manufacture and do not require adhesive joints.

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“…A second version of the test was then developed by Voloshin and Arcan, 9 transforming the sample into a reusable metallic apparatus or grip setup for composite samples. Currently, the Arcan test is based on two components: a specimen, which might be presented in different shapes [10][11][12][13][14][15] and two semi-circular gripping plates, holding the test sample. Each metallic grip has a set of holes which allows the apparatus to test a combination of biaxial loads such as, combined shear and tension, or just tension or pure shear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterisation of fused filament fabrication printed parts under tension, shear, and combined shear–tension loads via Arcan test

Ferreira

Jesus

Machado

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The mechanical performance of fused filament fabrication printed parts is considered the weak point of the technology due to its high anisotropic structure and irregular behaviour. This research focuses on the application of the Arcan-based method to fused filament fabrication printed parts, to better understand their mechanical behaviour. In order to characterise and quantify the anisotropic behaviour, a butterfly type specimen was developed, taking into account the flaws presented by the process (e.g. need for support material for tilted surfaces, low resolution, etc.). Together with the Arcan type grip, a combination of vertical–transversal (VT), vertical-longitudinal (VL) and horizontal (H) printed samples were tested under three distinct loading conditions, 90° – tensile, 45° – combined loading and 0° – pure shear. For each set of samples, digital image correlation was used to analyse the deformation fields imposed by the distinct building orientations and loading conditions. Regarding the material, two different types of Nylon® (PA 12) were used, namely FX256 and CF15, being the second a short carbon fibre reinforced version of the first, allowing a comparison of the mechanical behaviour. The results show that the building orientation prevails, originating distinct fracture types and overall behaviour difference. It was shown that fibre presence does not create a stronger material, yet an increase in stiffness is observed for all building orientations, except VT, where both materials presented similar values, indicating that the fibre orientation is critical when taking into account the loading conditions. It was also observed that of all sample types, FX256 H specimens showed the closest to isotropic behaviour.

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A new specimen geometry to determine the through-thickness tensile strength of composite laminates

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental and numerical analysis of unfolding failure of L-shaped CFRP specimens

Experimental and numerical analysis of unfolding failure of L-shaped CFRP specimens

Through‐thickness tensile characterization and analysis of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites using digital image correlation and finite element modeling

Experimental characterisation of fused filament fabrication printed parts under tension, shear, and combined shear–tension loads via Arcan test

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