A New Statistical Channel Model for Emerging Wireless Communication Systems

Abstract

A new composite fading model is introduced. This shadowed Beaulieu-Xie model is developed to characterize wireless communication in an environment with an arbitrary number of line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight signals, in contrast to the existing Rayleigh, Ricean, generalized Ricean (i.e., κ − µ), and Nakagami-m models. The proposed model benefits from four parameters that characterize a wide range of fading conditions, unlike existing composite models such as the shadowed Ricean model, the two-wave with diffuse power model, and the fluctuating two-ray model. The proposed shadowed Beaulieu-Xie model is used here to characterize experimental data obtained from fading measurements in 28 GHz outdoor millimeter-wave channels, and it is found to describe the communication environment accurately. We conclude that the proposed composite fading model is particularly useful for characterizing emerging (millimeter-wave and terahertz) wireless communication systems.

A Novel Unified Framework for Energy-Based Spectrum Sensing Analysis in the Presence of Fading

“…This is not the case with the LoS situations, since in those cases MGFs include an exponential multiplier that is not directly in the form (4). At the same time, it is well known (see, for instance, [28,32,39]) that in the limiting cases (when the shadowing parameter goes to infinity) shadowed LoS models yield classical LoS ones, thus the results herein (for example, in the case of m → ∞ for κ − µ shadowed and Fluctuating Beckmann and m Y → ∞ for Beaulieu-Xie shadowed) can handle a wider range of possible models. As an alternative approach, one can obtain the same limiting expressions by performing a limiting operation over the exponential multiplier in the MGF expression and rewriting it in the limiting form of (4), finally yielding the same expressions.…”

“…The evaluation was performed for the case of arbitrary values of the parameter u (generally non-integer and non-half-integer, the cases that are usually addressed in literature). In order to conform with the existing studies, we assume the range of parameters to be as in [32] (for Fluctuating Beckmann) and [39] (for Beaulieu-Xie shadowed).…”

“…On the other hand, Theorems 1 and 2 can be applied to the recently proposed channel models for which the results are not present. Among them, one can focus upon the two novel generalized models: Fluctuating Beckmann (see [32][33][34][35][36]) and Beaulieu-Xie shadowed (see [37][38][39][40]).…”

“…Proof of Lemma 1. It should be mentioned that the MGF ( 14) is defined (see [39]) in terms of instantaneous power (not SNR, as for the abovementioned models), which is not suitable for further calculations, hence proper rescaling is needed. To do this, one can start with the envelope pdf w R (r) (see [39], Section III, Equation ( 7)) and defining the average power E{R 2 } = (Ω X + Ω Y ) (by means of Equation ( 12) from [39]) to perform the change in variable γ γr 2 E{R 2 }, deriving the instantaneous SNR pdf as [4]:…”

Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Relaying for THz-RF Wireless Link with Asymmetrical Fading

“…The authors in [18] have considered m-Nakagami fading to model a 4×4 THz multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) system. A shadowed Beaulieu-Xie (BX) fading model was suggested in [19]. The authors in [20] used advanced channel characteristics such as spherical wavefront, time-variant velocities, and space-time frequencies to model a three-dimensional non-stationary channel for millimeter-wave and THz transmissions.…”