“…In recent years, numerous stochastic model updating methods emerged, which propels the uncertainty quantification of structural update parameters. These methods mainly include direct Monte Carlo simulations (MCS; Mares et al., 2006; Schuëller et al., 2009), perturbation methods (Hua et al., 2008; Khodaparast et al., 2008; Y. Xia et al., 2002), response surface method (RSM) and stochastic RSM (SRSM; Bao & Wang, 2015; Rui et al., 2013; L. Zhou et al., 2013), interval analysis methods (Haag et al., 2010; Khodaparast et al., 2011, 2017), stochastic FE methods (B. Huang & Chen, 2019; Wu et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023), Bayesian methods (Beck & Katafygiotis, 1998; Ching et al., 2006; Yuen et al., 2019), and so on.…”