A new strategy for accelerated extraction of target compounds using molecularly imprinted polymer particles embedded in a paper‐based disk

Abstract

In this study, a general simple and inexpensive method is introduced for the preparation of a paper-based selective disk-type solid phase extraction (SPE) technique, appropriate for fast and high throughput monitoring of target compounds. An ion exchange molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized for the extraction and analysis of acesulfame, an anthropogenic water quality marker. Acesulfame imprinting was used as an example for demonstrating the benefits of a nanosized, swellable MIP extraction sorbents integrated in an on-site compatible concept for water quality monitoring. Compared with an 8 mL standard SPE cartridge, the paper-based MIP disk (47 mm ø) format allowed (1) high sample flow rates up to 30 mL•min without losing extraction efficiency (2) extracting sample volumes up to 500 mL in much shorter times than with standard SPE, (3) the reuse of the disks (up to 3 times more than SPE cartridge) due to high robustness and an efficient post-cleaning, and (4) reducing the sampling time from 100 minutes (using the standard SPE format) to about 2 minutes with the MIP paper disk for 50 mL water sample. Different parameters like cellulose fiber/polymer ratios, sample volume, sample flow-rate, washing, and elution conditions were evaluated and optimized. Using developed extraction technique with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) analysis, a new protocol was established that provides detection and quantification limits of 0.015 μg•L and 0.05 μg•L , respectively. The developed paper disks were used in-field for the selective extraction of target compounds and transferred to the laboratory for further analysis.

Rational Design of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Quaternary Ammonium Cations for Glyphosate Detection

“…We have already showed the applicability of ionic interaction for synthesizing a highly selective imprinted polymer for negatively charged acesulfame, a known anthropogenic marker, using (vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride (VBTA) as an efficient ion-pair reagent [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. We believe that quaternary ammonium cations containing the vinyl group are among the most efficient and practical functional monomers, which could enable synthesizing selective imprinted polymers for negatively charged target molecules e.g., glyphosate.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors for Priority Pollutants

“…However, MIPs are commonly used as selective sorbent materials: (I) to develop new selective sample-preparation methods (e.g., solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, etc.) for various target molecules/ions [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and (II) to modify different sensor devices [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

“…However, MIPs are commonly used as selective sorbent materials: (I) to develop new selective sample-preparation methods (e.g., solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, etc.) for various target molecules/ions [17][18][19][20][21][22] and (II) to modify different sensor devices [23][24][25][26]. As for the EPA Priority Pollutants, MIPs have been also used to develop new selective sample-preparation methods [27][28][29] or to modify different sensor devices (i.e., MIP-modified sensors: it refers to both sensor devices and their modification with MIP materials).…”

P4.12 - Glyphosat geprägte Polymere als kostengünstige und robuste künstliche selektive Sorptionsmittel für die Modifizierung von low-cost Sensoren

“…Während die Wasserstoffbrücken-Wechselwirkung die am häufigsten genutzte nicht-kovalente intermolekulare Wechselwirkung ist, können Wechselwirkungen zwischen entgegengesetzt geladenen Ionen zu stärkeren intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen führen (kovalente Bindungen: ~500 kJ/mol; ionische Wechselwirkung: bis zu 60 kJ/mol; Wasserstoffbrückenbindung: bis zu 40 kJ/mol, Ladungs-Dipol-Wechselwirkungen: bis zu 8 kJ/mol; Dipol-Dipol-Wechselwirkung: ~1kJ/mol; VDW-Wechselwirkungen: 0,1-1 kJ/mol) [4]. Wir haben bereits die Anwendbarkeit der ionischen Wechselwirkung für die Synthese eines hochselektiven geprägten Polymers für negativ geladenes Acesulfam, einen bekannten anthropogenen Marker, unter Verwendung von (Vinylbenzyl)trimethylammoniumchlorid (VBTA) als effizientes Ionenpaar-Reagenz gezeigt [5][6][7]. Wir glauben, dass quaternäre Ammoniumkationen mit Vinylgruppen zu den effizientesten und praktischsten funktionellen Monomeren gehören, die die Synthese selektiver geprägter Polymere für negativ geladene Zielmoleküle wie Glyphosat ermöglichen könnten.…”