A New Surface Tension Equation for Refrigerants

Nicola, Giovanni Di; Nicola, Cristiano Di; Moglie, Matteo

doi:10.1007/s10765-011-0991-1

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The measurement method was validated with conventional refrigerants R134a and R245a. The estimation method of Miller (1963), Miqueu et al (2000), andDi Nicola et al (2011) agreed with the measurement results within ±0.43 mN m -1 . The empirical correlations with the function form of van der Waals equation were proposed as, σ = 0.05330(1-T/376.93) 1.247 for R1243zf, σ = 0.05657(1-T/423.27) 1.220 for R1234ze(Z), and σ = 0.06195(1-T/438.75) 1.277 for R1233zd(E), where σ and T are the surface tension in N m -1 and the temperature in K, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Most of the R1234ze(Z) data agree with these estimations within the measurement uncertainty 0.2 mN m -1 . In the case of R1234ze(Z), as shown in Figure 5 (b), the estimated values by Miqueu et al (2000) slightly deviate from those by Miller (1963) and Di Nicola et al (2011). The value of present data seems to agree with the estimations by Miller (1963) and Di Nicola et al (2011) rather than that by Miqueu et al (2000).…”

Section: Comparison With Estimation Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…iv) Estimation based on the extended scaled equation, Di Nicola et al Sugden (Macleodo, 1923;Sugden, 1924) is distinctly greater than that of the other estimations and present data. For R1243zf, the measured surface tension and the estimated surface tension by the methods of Miller (1963), Miqueu et al (2000), andDi Nicola et al (2011) are in good agreement. Most of the R1234ze(Z) data agree with these estimations within the measurement uncertainty 0.2 mN m -1 .…”

Section: Comparison With Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Surface tension of low GWP refrigerants R1243zf, R1234ze(Z), and R1233zd(E)

Kondou

Nagata

Nii

et al. 2015

International Journal of Refrigeration

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The surface tension of R1243zf, R1234ze(Z), and R1233zd(E) were measured at temperatures from 270 K to 360 K by an experimental apparatus based on the differential capillary rise method. The deviation between the measured surface tension of R134a and R245fa and the calculated surface tension with REFPROP 9.1 (Lemmon et al., 2013) was ±0.13 mN m-1 , which is less than the estimated propagated uncertainty in surface tension of ±0.2 mN m-1. Eleven points, thirteen points, and ten points of surface tension data were provided for R1243zf, R1234ze(Z), and R1233zd(E), respectively, in this paper. The measured data and the estimated surface tension using the methods of Miller (1963), Miqueu et al. (2000), and Di Nicola et al. (2011) agree within the standard deviation of ±0.43 mN m-1. The empirical correlations that represent the measured data within ±0.14 mN m-1 were proposed for each refrigerant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Comparison With Estimation Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Comparison With Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surface tension of low GWP refrigerants R1243zf, R1234ze(Z), and R1233zd(E)

Kondou

Nagata

Nii

et al. 2015

International Journal of Refrigeration

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“…The initial set of measurements was completed in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) 21,22 during a campaign related to the validation of a dimpled shield for NIF targets 23 . When the UV-converted light is directed into the laser entrance hole for ignition experiments, the unconverted infrared and green light can hit support structures of the target.…”

Section: Nif Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of self-diffraction from laser generated plasma gratings in the nanosecond regime

et al. 2019

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We investigate the formation and diffraction efficiency of plasma gratings generated by the interference of two laser beams crossing at a small angle on the surface of a planar aluminum target. Such gratings were observed during National Ignition Facility experiments with the ratio of energy in the first-order to zeroth order of ≈ 60%. Recently, additional experiments were performed on the Optical Sciences Laser. These experiments, with only two interfering beams showed high normalized energy (ratio of energy in diffracted order to zeroth order), of approximately 10% and 3%, at the first and second diffracted order locations, respectively, for intensities less than 10 12 W/cm 2. The existence of the higher-orders are characteristic of diffraction from gratings in the Raman-Nath as opposed to the Bragg regime. In addition, we show conical diffraction from the generated plasma grating. Using numerical simulations, we explore the large difference in diffraction efficiency observed in these two experiments, and highlight the role of plasma temperature and density scalelength. The simulations suggest a modulation depth of the plasma grating refractive index ranging from 1.77 × 10 −4 to 3.5 × 10 −2. These results are relevant to Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments or plasma photonics applications of gratings in high-field laser-physics and high-energy density science, specifically in the nanosecond regime.

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“…In a recent past, we proposed a very simple equation (Di Nicola et al, 2010) that gave a noticeable improvement in respect of the existing equations. This equation was based on the corresponding states principle, containing the acentric factor, the critical temperature and pressure, a very limited number of constants and the golden ratio, F, defined according to the classical Euclidean definition as:…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%