“…VFTs have been used for many years in K‐12 education, higher education, and career preparation and training, across disciplines (Palmer, 2013; Wang, Ni, Rui, Cui, & Cheng, 2016). While the technological complexities of VFTs differ depending on their purpose, VFTs have common benefits; overcoming budgetary limitations (Lukes, 2014) and alleviating logistical barriers in traditional field trips (Krakowka, 2012). While many conventional VFTs use a combination of texts, audio, digital pictures, or digital videos (Hosticka et al , 2002), recent technological innovations permit researchers and practitioners to develop more engaging VFTs using advanced tools (Mathews, Andrews, & Luck, 2012; Treves, Viterbo, & Haklay, 2015; Tutwiler, Lin, & Chang, 2013).…”