“…Different approaches have been presented in the technical literature for spectral analysis based of the Fourier theory including discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm, fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm [14]- [19], Kalman filter (KF) [10], least mean square (LMS) technique [20], phaselocked-loop (PLL) [1], finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters [2], Newton-type algorithm (NTA) [21], optimization algorithms [22], least squares (LS) method [23], recursive least squares (RLS) method [24], using orthogonal vectors for three-phase power systems [25], and artificial neural networks (ANNs) [26]. The most widely utilized algorithms amongst these approaches are FFT and DFT which, however, suffer from three major pitfalls namely aliasing, picket-fence effect, and leakage [18]- [19].…”