Hydrocarbon occurrence and distribution in rift basins is largely a product of the stratigraphic succession in the syn-and post-rift phases of basin evolution. Most of the known reserves of recoverable hydrocarbons occur in rifts with post-rift sag basins and in those basins that are dominated by marine fill. Simple rifts and passive margins are significantly less prolific. Key factors are the style of post-rift tectonics and whether the basin fill is dominated by non-marine or marine strata.Tectonically derived topography is the prime control on both sedimentary processes and facies distribution, which results in a consistent geographic, and stratigraphic distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoirs and seals in syn-rift successions. Potential reservoirs are abundant throughout the syn-and post-rift successions and include a wide variety of sandstone and, less commonly, carbonates. Source rocks occur less frequently and are restricted to specific stratigraphic horizons; their presence or absence is one of the limiting factors in hydrocarbon distribution. Good seals tend to be uncommon in continental syn-rift successions and their absence often prevents the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. Seals are more common in post-rift successions and widespread in marine syn-rift successions. The reserve distribution is largely controlled by seal distribution, which is best in sag-basin successions and in basins filled with marine strata.A strategy for the efficient exploration of rift basins can be derived from postrift basin geometry and the nature of the stratigraphic fill. Plays can be developed that identify the most prospective areas within the syn-and post-rift successions by predicting the distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoirs and seals from stratigraphic architecture.