A new technique to reduce internal phosphorus loading by in-lake phosphate fixation in shallow lakes

Quaak, Marinus; Does, J. van der; Boers, Paul; Vlugt, Jo van der

doi:10.1007/bf00050759

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Different iron salts have been added in field studies as a restoration measure, which included FeCl 3 , FeCl 2 , FeSO 4 and Fe 2 O 3 , with or without extra aeration of the lake (Quaak et al 1993;Boers et al 1994;Jaeger 1994;Smolders et al 2001;Hansen et al 2003). P retention increased in most studies using the iron salts FeCl 2 , FeCl 3 , FeSO 4 , whereas it was barely affected after addition of Fe 2 O 3 (Smolders et al 2001; Table 2).…”

Section: Lake Restoration By Iron Addition: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these compounds, iron is a compound that can be naturally found in high quantities in lake sediments, but due to changes in water regimes such as damming and excess use of groundwater for agriculture, the input of iron-rich groundwater has decreased in many areas and consequently lake sediments have become iron depleted (Van der Welle et al 2007b;Lamers et al 2015). The addition of iron has frequently been used in the past for pretreatment of P-rich inlet water (Klapwijk et al 1982;Bootsma et al 1999), but it has also successfully been used in both mesocosm experiments and field applications to combat internal P loading by either adding the iron to the lake sediment (Quaak et al 1993;Boers et al 1994;Smolders et al 2001) or to the surface water (Jaeger 1994;Burley et al 2001;Deppe and Benndorf 2002;Hansen et al 2003;Kleeberg et al 2012). Although the effects of this restoration measure on the chemical composition of lakes are well documented, the effects on different parts of the food web are often not reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lake restoration by in-lake iron addition: a synopsis of iron impact on aquatic organisms and shallow lake ecosystems

2015

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Internal phosphorus loading has become a major problem in many shallow freshwater lakes over the past decades due to the build-up of phosphorus stocks in the sediment. Iron is a natural capping agent which can enhance sediment P binding capacity, thus reducing P availability and shifting a lake from an algal to a macrophyte dominated state. Iron could, however, also impose toxic effects on the biota. We therefore provide a synopsis of iron toxicity studies and lake restoration measures using iron addition. Iron toxicity studies revealed that, even though iron is an essential nutrient for growth, when added in excess, it can negatively affect aquatic organisms. We found 13 studies testing the effect of iron addition as a restoration measure in the field (10) or using sediment from lakes and reservoirs in the laboratory (3). Twelve of the studies reported increased P retention after iron addition, which depended on the iron salts used and the concentrations added in two studies, whereas one study found no effect on P retention. Eight out of the nine field studies that reported biotic responses found reduced chlorophyll concentrations in the water column, whereas toxic effects of iron on organisms remained absent. Iron addition was most successful when external P loading, and concentrations of organic matter and sulphate were low as well as densities of sediment disturbing fish and crayfish. We conclude that iron addition can be a successful restoration method when these conditions are met.

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Section: Lake Restoration By Iron Addition: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake restoration by in-lake iron addition: a synopsis of iron impact on aquatic organisms and shallow lake ecosystems

2015

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“…Other chemicals may be used as reinforce capping materials to attenuate the contaminant loading induced by the sediment. Wauer et al (2005) proposed the use of the nitrate-storing compound, Depox ® and Quaak et al (1993) applied ferric chloride into sediment using a water jet to reduce the release of phosphorus from the sediment. Among these reinforced capping materials, sand can be deployed on the sediment in the vicinity of water sources to suppress the release of phosphorus without causing health concerns or public opposition, because clean sand is not associated with any chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sand capping in phosphorus release from sediment

Kim

Jung²

2010

KSCE J Civ Eng

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Sand is the simplest capping material proposed to date to contain phosphorus in sediment in situ. This research was carried out to understand the role of sand capping in the speciation and release of phosphorus from sediment. Clean sand was laid on sediment sampled at a eutrophicated lake in one dimensional columns with different capping thicknesses. It could be understood from the experiments that sand capping with a thickness of less than 50 mm reduced the phosphorus concentration by over 85% and was effective in reducing the amount of phosphorus released from the sediment. Thicker sand capping reduces the amount of phosphorus released from the sediment to a greater extent. Since sand capping retards the release of phosphorus from the sediment, a higher fraction of non-apatite P (NA-P) was able to be converted into the less soluble Apatite-P (AP).

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“…The criteria for selecting the precipitation agent are given, for example, by Cooke et al (1993). In general, cases discussed in the literature mostly differ in the way in which the flocculant is applied (from the air, from the water surface, or directly to water immediately above the bottom), in the initial concentration of agents used, and in the durability of results obtained (Boers et al 1992;Quaak et al 1993). The durability of effects depends mostly on the cessation of external sources of PO4 (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate inactivation with iron chloride during sediment resuspension

Wiśniewski¹

1999

Lakes & Reservoirs

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The present study undertook laboratory and in situ experiments in two hypertrophic lakes in order to determine the possibilities for the effective PO4 precipitation by means of FeCl3, applied directly to organic sediments (at a specific depth) previously subject to resuspension. The study also aimed to test, modify and improve a device constructed previously. This made the direct application of FeCl3 to organic sediments possible, while generating resuspension in the surface layer of sediments to a specified thickness. The results of both laboratory and field experiments, and tests of the prototype device, showed that linking a dosage of FeCl3 with the initiation of controlled resuspension led to a decrease of seven‐fold in the concentration of PO4 in interstitial water, and changed other physical and chemical parameters in the water only slightly. The effectiveness of PO4 precipitation relied mostly on initial conditions in the interface of water–organic sediment phases, and especially on the sorption capacity of sediments for phosphates, on the gradient of PO4 concentration, and on the concentration of oxygen in the layer of water above the sediment. It could be an effective method of over‐eutrophied lakes reclamation, and an alternative to the expensive removal of sediments.

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A new technique to reduce internal phosphorus loading by in-lake phosphate fixation in shallow lakes

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Lake restoration by in-lake iron addition: a synopsis of iron impact on aquatic organisms and shallow lake ecosystems

Lake restoration by in-lake iron addition: a synopsis of iron impact on aquatic organisms and shallow lake ecosystems

Role of sand capping in phosphorus release from sediment

Phosphate inactivation with iron chloride during sediment resuspension

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