A new temperature profiling probe for investigating groundwater-surface water interaction

Naranjo, Ramon C.; Turcotte, Robert

doi:10.1002/2015wr017574

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Seepage can be directly quantified using seepage meters adapted for flowing water [Rosenberry, 2008], but longterm (weeks or more) deployments are difficult or impossible. Vertical thermal profiles collected within the streambed offer the potential to quantify groundwater discharge at subdaily temporal resolution over long time periods based on the downward propagation of natural diurnal signals [Gordon et al, 2012;Hatch et al, 2006;Lapham, 1989;Naranjo and Turcotte, 2015;Stallman, 1965]. Special consideration is warranted where groundwater discharge is rapid and thermal signals are strongly attenuated with depth [Briggs et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand‐bed stream

Rosenberry

Briggs

Delin

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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Quantifying flow of groundwater through streambeds often is difficult due to the complexity of aquifer‐scale heterogeneity combined with local‐scale hyporheic exchange. We used fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS), seepage meters, and vertical temperature profiling to locate, quantify, and monitor areas of focused groundwater discharge in a geomorphically simple sand‐bed stream. This combined approach allowed us to rapidly focus efforts at locations where prodigious amounts of groundwater discharged to the Quashnet River on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, northeastern USA. FO‐DTS detected numerous anomalously cold reaches one to several m long that persisted over two summers. Seepage meters positioned upstream, within, and downstream of 7 anomalously cold reaches indicated that rapid groundwater discharge occurred precisely where the bed was cold; median upward seepage was nearly 5 times faster than seepage measured in streambed areas not identified as cold. Vertical temperature profilers deployed next to 8 seepage meters provided diurnal‐signal‐based seepage estimates that compared remarkably well with seepage‐meter values. Regression slope and R2 values both were near 1 for seepage ranging from 0.05 to 3.0 m d−1. Temperature‐based seepage model accuracy was improved with thermal diffusivity determined locally from diurnal signals. Similar calculations provided values for streambed sediment scour and deposition at subdaily resolution. Seepage was strongly heterogeneous even along a sand‐bed river that flows over a relatively uniform sand and fine‐gravel aquifer. FO‐DTS was an efficient method for detecting areas of rapid groundwater discharge, even in a strongly gaining river, that can then be quantified over time with inexpensive streambed thermal methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand‐bed stream

Rosenberry

Briggs

Delin

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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“…We surveyed land and stream topography and instrumented Incline Creek and Marlette Creeks with an array of automated transducers equipped with sensors for measuring water levels, and temperature, as described by Constantz et al . [], and using temperature probes described by Naranjo and Turcotte []. Instruments were installed over approximate horizontal extents of 15 m and to a maximum depth of 2 m beneath the land or streambed or lakebed surface.…”

Section: Site Description and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient processes at the stream‐lake interface for a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth

Niswonger

Naranjo

Smith

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorous impact freshwater lakes by stimulating primary production and affecting water quality and ecosystem health. Communities around the world are motivated to sustain and restore freshwater resources and are interested in processes controlling nutrient inputs. We studied the environment where streams flow into lakes, referred to as the stream‐lake interface (SLI), for a channelized and unmodified stream outlet. Channelization is done to protect infrastructure or recreational beach areas. We collected hydraulic and nutrient data for surface water and shallow groundwater in two SLIs to develop conceptual models that describe characteristics that are representative of these hydrologic features. Water, heat, and solute transport models were used to evaluate hydrologic conceptualizations and estimate mean residence times of water in the sediment. A nutrient mass balance model is developed to estimate net rates of adsorption and desorption, mineralization, and nitrification along subsurface flow paths. Results indicate that SLIs are dynamic sources of nutrients to lakes and that the common practice of channelizing the stream at the SLI decreases nutrient concentrations in pore water discharging along the lakeshore. This is in contrast to the unmodified SLI that forms a barrier beach that disconnects the stream from the lake and results in higher nutrient concentrations in pore water discharging to the lake. These results are significant because nutrient delivery through pore water seepage at the lakebed from the natural SLI contributes to nearshore algal communities and produces elevated concentrations of inorganic nutrients in the benthic zone where attached algae grow.

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“…Both discrete sensors and coiled FO‐DTS were deployed. Temperature probe arrays (SensorRods; Naranjo & Turcotte, ()) containing iButton probes at vertical separations of 0.0, 7.5, 20, 37.5, 57.5, and 80 cm (relative to the top sensor) were installed in two locations using a pointed drive head. Both temperature probe arrays were installed with the top sensor level at the sediment–water/air interface and no change in sediment level was noted during the measurement period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the thermal regime and subsurface properties of a tidally affected, variably saturated streambed

Halloran

Andersen

Rau

2017

Hydrological Processes

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Temperature and moisture content in the variably saturated subsurface are two of the most important physical parameters that govern a wide variety of geochemical and ecological processes. An understanding of thermal and hydraulic processes and properties of transient vadose zones is therefore fundamental in the evaluation of such processes. Here, an investigation of the thermal regime and subsurface properties of a tidally affected, variably saturated streambed is presented. Field and laboratory measurements, as well as a forward numerical model, are jointly employed in the investigation. Temperature, soil moisture, surface level, and water level data were recorded in a transect perpendicular to a tidally driven stream. Frequency‐domain analysis of the subsurface temperature measurements revealed the rapid decay of the tidal temperature driver within the top ∼30 cm of sediment. Several techniques were used to evaluate subsurface thermal and hydraulic properties, including thermal conductivity and the soil water retention curve. These properties were used to constrain a forward numerical model that included coupled treatment of relevant variable saturation thermal and hydraulic physics. Even though the investigated vadose zone is intermittent and relatively shallow ( ≲ 20 cm), the results illustrate how error can be introduced into heat‐transport calculations if unsaturated conditions are not taken into account.

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A new temperature profiling probe for investigating groundwater-surface water interaction

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand‐bed stream

Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand‐bed stream

Nutrient processes at the stream‐lake interface for a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth

Investigation of the thermal regime and subsurface properties of a tidally affected, variably saturated streambed

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