A new tetrodotoxin-producing actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, isolated from the ovaries of puffer fish Fugu rubripes

Poisoning by toxic animals in China—18 autopsy case studies and a comprehensive literature review

“…TTX can reportedly be produced by a variety of bacteria, is transmitted through the food chain and then accumulates in animals [37][38][39]. Studies have found that some living organisms can produce TTX [40].…”

Bioactive compounds from marine actinomycetes

“…Unusual actinomycetes belonging to Micrococceae, Dermatophilaceae and Gordoniaceae, have been isolated from sponges [133]. Tetrodotoxin-producing actinomycete has been isolated from puffer fi sh ovaries [138], the organism was found to be most closely related to Nocardiopsis dassonvillei.…”

Actinobacteria and Myxobacteria—Two of the Most Important Bacterial Resources for Novel Antibiotics

“…Additionally, the production could also be correlated to many taxa of marine bacteria which live in symbiotic relationships with these organisms. In case of the pufferfish, a TTX producing Actinobacteria (closely related to Nocardiopsis dassonvillei) and some TTX producing Bacillus strains were isolated out of its ovaries which are known to harbour high levels of TTX (Wu et al 2005;Ward & Bora 2006). With the help of a sodium channel blocker assay using a mouse neuroblastoma cell culture bioassay, toxicity levels of 0.1-1.6 MU/g bacteria cells were observed (MU: amount of toxin which was expressed, calculated from the observed cell ratio (relationship between survival cell ratio and authentic TTX amount)) (Wu et al 2005;Ward & Bora 2006).…”