A new Thraustochytrid, strain Fng1, isolated from the surface mucus of the hermatypic coral Fungia granulosa

Harel, Moshe; Ben‐Dov, Eitan; Rasoulouniriana, Diana; Siboni, Nachshon; Kramarsky‐Winter, Esti; Loya, Yossi; Barak, Ze’ev; Wiesman, Zeev; Kushmaro, Ariel

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00464.x

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Labyrinthulomycetes have been previously associated with apparently healthy cnidarian hosts (based on either light or electron microscopy or both) including hydroids (Raghukumar 1988) and scleractinian corals (Kramarsky-Winter et al 2006, Siboni et al 2010. Based on 18S rRNA sequences, Labyrinthulomycetes from the family Thraustochytriidae were associated with scleractinian corals: Fungia granulosa in the Gulf of Eliat (/Aqaba) (genera unknown, Harel et al 2008) and with Favia spp. from both the Gulf of Eliat (/Aqaba) and the Great Barrier Reef (Aplanochytrium sp, Thraustochytrium sp, and Labyrinthuloides sp., Siboni et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or foe: the association of Labyrinthulomycetes with the Caribbean sea fan Gorgonia ventalina

Burge¹,

Douglas²,

Conti-Jerpe³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new syndrome in sea fans Gorgonia ventalina consisting of multifocal purple spots (MFPS) has been observed in the Caribbean Sea. Surveys of MFPS on sea fans were conducted from 2006 to 2010 at a shallow and deep site in La Parguera, Puerto Rico (PR). At the shallow site, MFPS increased between 2006 and 2010 (site average ranged from 8 to 23%), with differences found at depths over time using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA, p < 0.0001). As a potential causative agent we examined a Labyrinthulomycota-like ovoid parasite that was observed to be abundant in MFPS lesions in light micrographs. Labyrinhylomycetes were successfully isolated, cultured and characterized in sea fans from Florida and PR. Sequence information obtained from the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene indicated that Labyrinthulomycetes in most sea fans (healthy and MFPS sea fans from Florida; MFPS from PR) and the cultured microorganism are in the genus Aplanochytrium, although some healthy sea fans from PR contained members of the genus Thraustochytrium. Both genera fall within the family Thraustochytriidae. Histology confirmed ob servations of thraustochytrids within apparently healthy and MFPS sea fans from PR, and specific staining indicated a host melanization response only in colonies containing Labyrinthulomycetes or fungal infections. Growth trials indicate that the temperature-growth optima for the cultured microorganism is ~30°C. In inoculation experiments, the cultured Aplanochytrium did not induce purple spots, and histology revealed that many of the apparently healthy recipients contained Labyrinthulomycetes prior to inoculation. Taken together, these results indicate that the Labyrinthulomycetes associated with sea fans is likely an opportunistic pathogen. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis of this microorganism in sea fans and its relationship with MFPS.KEY WORDS: Labyrinthulomycota · Caribbean sea fan · Gorgonia ventalina · Multi-focal purple spots · MFPS Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 101: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] 2012 increase in the number of purple sclerites and is a generalized response to invading pathogens or other biotic agents (Petes et al. 2003, Alker et al. 2004, Smith & Weil 2004. Necrotic lesions, surrounded by purple halos in G. ventalina, have been described as aspergillosis (Smith et al. 1996, Nagelkerken et al. 1997, Kim & Harvell 2001. The terrestrial fungus Aspergillus sy dowii was isolated from fans with these signs and Koch's postulates fulfilled in controlled laboratory experiments (Smith et al. 1996, Geiser et al. 1998). More recently, culture-dependent sampling showed that fungal species other than A. sydowii can be associated with lesions (ToledoHernández et al. 2008). During field surveys in Mexico, Florida, and Puerto Rico, a new type of lesion was identified (Weil & Hooten 2009, Weil & Rogers 2011 our Fig. 1) that is characterized by small (1 to 3 mm in diameter), circular to oblong multi-focal...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or foe: the association of Labyrinthulomycetes with the Caribbean sea fan Gorgonia ventalina

Burge¹,

Douglas²,

Conti-Jerpe³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A new thraustochytrid, designated FngI has been recently described from mucus of the scleractinian coral Favia sp. (Harel et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Habitat: Unravelling Substrate-species Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing evidence for the important role of Labyrinthulomycetes in marine ecosystems

Raghukumar¹,

Damare

2011

Botanica Marina

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review summarizes increasing evidence for the role of Labyrithulomycetes in marine ecosystems gathered over the last six decades. It focuses on their diversity, habitats, biomass, productivity and overall role in food webs and remineralization. Earlier studies contributed enormously to the cultured diversity of Labyrinthulomycetes. In recent years, their uncultured diversity has been demonstrated in exotic environments like the deep sea and anoxic waters. These findings emphasize the need for novel culture methods to grow these organisms. Many species seem to be substrate-specific in their occurrence. Their commensalistic or mutualistic occurrence in marine invertebrates deserves attention.The biomass of Labyrinthulomycetes in the water column may often match or even exceed that of bacteria, although such occurrences seem to be seasonal. There is a major knowledge gap on their productivity and turnover in the water column. The high biomass and production of several degradative enzymes indicate their importance as remineralizers in the ocean. However, the mechanisms by which they overcome bacterial competition are not clear. It is likely that they occupy special niches, such as marine aggregates. One role of the Labyrinthulomycetes suggested in this review, based on preliminary experiments, is that of 'left-over scavenging', following bacterial growth.

show abstract

“…observed thraustochytrids in the faecal pellets of salps. They were found to be endolithic in mollusk shell fragments, especially mussel shells and clam shells (Porter & Lingle 1992), and were isolated from oyster tissue (Perkins 1973) and surface mucus of the hermatypic coral Fungia granulosa (Harel et al 2008). Labyrinthuloides haliotidis, now known as Aplanochytrium haliotidis, was reported to cause pathogenic infection in the abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana (Bower 1987, Bower et al 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the stramenopilan protists, the aplanochytrids, with zooplankton of the equatorial Indian Ocean

Damare¹,

Raghukumar²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thraustochytrids and aplanochytrids, belonging to the Labyrinthulomycetes of the Kingdom Stramenopila, have been frequently reported to occur as parasites or symbionts in a number of coastal invertebrates. Given the fact that these protists are widespread in coastal and oceanic waters, it is possible that they are also associated with pelagic zooplankton. This study examines their occurrence in zooplankton from equatorial waters of the Indian Ocean. A total of 171 of 2100 individual specimens of zooplankton yielded Labyrinthulomycetes in culture, the colony morphology and/or life cycles of which corresponded to aplanochytrids. Small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence analysis of 8 of the isolates placed them in a distinct clade among aplanochytrids, but closest to Aplanochytrium yorkensis or A. kerguelensis. The 8 isolates were further segregated into 2 clusters, corresponding to isolates obtained from 2 different seasons. Biotinylated probes for 2 isolates of A. kerguelensis from the 2 different seasons were developed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. In situ hybridization (ISH) of zooplankton using the probes with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase showed that aplanochytrid cells fed to copepods were grazed and could subsequently be detected in the animals. ISH on natural samples of zooplankton yielded a positive but diffuse reaction in copepods, while cells resembling aplanochytrids were detected within chaetognaths. ISH using streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate lent further support for their presence within chaetognaths. This study suggests the predominant occurrence of A. kerguelensis in association with mesozooplankton of the equatorial Indian Ocean, particularly with chaetognaths. Further studies are suggested to determine whether genetically distinct populations of A. kerguelensis are associated with chaetognaths in oceanic waters and if such an association is parasitic, mutualistic or commensalistic.KEY WORDS: Stramenopila · Labyrinthulomycetes · Aplanochytrids · Zooplankton · Internal transcribed spacer · In situ hybridization · Biotinylated probes Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 399: [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] 2010 require these fatty acids for their growth and reproduction but possess a limited or no ability to synthesize them (Kanazawa et al. 1979a,b, Lubzens et al. 1985, Nichols & Nichols 2008, Labyrinthulomycetes present in the water column might play an important role in the marine food web by serving as sources of these fatty acids for the zooplankton (Fell & Newell 1998, Kimura et al. 1999, Raghukumar 2002.Thraustochytrids and aplanochytrids are known to be associated with invertebrates in a variety of ways. observed thraustochytrids in the faecal pellets of salps. They were found to be endolithic in mollusk shell fragments, especially mussel shells and clam shells (Porter & Lingle 1992), and were isolated from oyster tissue (Perkins 1973) and surface mucus...

show abstract

A new Thraustochytrid, strain Fng1, isolated from the surface mucus of the hermatypic coral Fungia granulosa

Cited by 41 publications

References 60 publications

Friend or foe: the association of Labyrinthulomycetes with the Caribbean sea fan Gorgonia ventalina

Friend or foe: the association of Labyrinthulomycetes with the Caribbean sea fan Gorgonia ventalina

Increasing evidence for the important role of Labyrinthulomycetes in marine ecosystems

Association of the stramenopilan protists, the aplanochytrids, with zooplankton of the equatorial Indian Ocean

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About