“…When WN is applied in the real word, for example, the morphology variations of ECG waveforms are different for different patients, and even for the same patient or for the same type (Osowski & Linh, 2001), traditional networks can become a bottleneck requiring retraining with new features added into the current database. PNN (Specht et al, 1988) and general regression neural networks (GRNN) (Masters & Land, 1997;Seng et al, 2002) have been presented, and are recognized as having expandable or reducible network structure, fast learning speed, and promising results. In these adaptation methods, the choice of smoothing parameter has significant effects on the network outcome, and the choice of parameter is usually based on the overall statistical calculation from pre-collected training data.…”