“…The sealing integrity of the cement-formation interface is susceptible to mud, [20,21] preflush, [22] spacer, [23] and residual filter cake. [24] During drilling operations, owing to the permeable formation action, only the liquid phase can penetrate the formation, leaving a layer of residue or solid particles in the borehole walls; this layer of residue or solid particles is called filter cake. Filter cakes are usually composed of bentonite, weighting materials (e.g., barite, iron ore powder), and polymers/copolymers (e.g., xanthan gum, starch, and polyacrylamide cellulose) (Figure 1c,d).…”