A New Type of Low Density Material: Shellular

Abstract

A new type of cellular material named Shellular, in which cells are composed of a continuous, smooth-curved shell according to the minimal surface theory, is proposed. Shellular specimens are fabricated using 3D lithography with negative templates and hard coating, and exhibit superb strength and stiffness at densities lower than 10(-2) Mg m(-3), incorporating benefits from hierarchical structures and constituent materials with nanosized grains.

Reexamining the mechanical property space of three-dimensional lattice architectures

“…These materials are 3D assemblies of beams with micro-and nanoscale constituent dimensions, and it is the confluence of nanometer-sized dimensions and architecture that gives rise to their unique properties [1][2][3]15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The theoretical maximum Young's modulus ‫)ܧ(‬ and yield strength (ߪ ௬ ) of a lightweight porous material are set by the Voigt bound, which are functions of the relative density (ߩ̅ ) as ‫ܧ‬ = ‫ܧ‬ ௦ ߩ̅ and ߪ ௬ = ߪ ௬௦ ߩ̅ .…”

“…Incorporating three-dimensional architecture into materials design across multiple length scales has led to the creation of advanced materials with novel mechanical properties, such as ultralight weight [1][2][3], negative Poisson's ratios [4,5], and near infinite bulk-to-shear modulus ratios [6,7]. The versatility of current fabrication methods and processing techniques engenders a virtually unbounded potential design space by which new materials can be created [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Ultrahigh Energy Absorption Multifunctional Spinodal Nanoarchitectures

“…Shell‐based architected materials are comprised of smoothly interconnected surfaces with drastically reduced stress concentrations compared to beam‐based designs and may allow to better combine high strength and deformability . Shell‐based topologies have a mean curvature close to zero everywhere, which facilitates a uniform strain distribution upon loading . This unique topological feature has also been shown to impart them good strength and stiffness .…”

A novel strengthening method for carbon fiber composite lattice truss structures

“…This lattice truss construction has been applied with great success in natural materials [3] and in a variety of practical engineering situations such as active cooling [4], [5], energy absorption [6], [7] and electromagnetic wave absorption [8]- [10]. The mechanical properties of lattice sandwich structures are directly affected by their fabrication technologies.…”