A new type of neutron spectrometer

Bramblett, R.L.; Ewing, R.C.; Bonner, T. W.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(60)90043-4

Cited by 456 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fast neutron spectra were measured with a Bonner spectrometer [6]. It consists of a thermal neutron detector, 6 LiI(Eu) crystal, centered in polyethylene moderating spheres having diameters from 5 up to 25 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental tests of neutron shielding for the ATLAS forward region

Pospı́šil

Štekl

Cechak

et al. 1999

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Experimental tests devoted to the optimization of the neutron shielding for the ATLAS forward region were performed at the CERN-PS with a 4 GeV/c proton beam. Spectra of fast neutrons, slow neutrons and gamma rays escaping a block of iron (40 40 80 cm 3 ) shielded with di erent t ypes of neutron and gamma shields (pure polyethylene -PE, borated polyethylene -BPE, lithium lled polyethylene -LiPE, lead, iron) were measured by means of plastic scintillators, a Bonner spectrometer, a HPGe detector and a slow neutron detector. E ectiveness of di erent t ypes of shielding against neutrons and -rays were compared. The idea of a segmented outer layer shielding (iron, BPE, iron, LiPE) for the ATLAS Forward Region was also tested.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consists of a thermal neutron detector, 6 LiI(Eu) crystal, centered in polyethylene moderating spheres having diameters from 5 up to 25 cm. The neutron ux energy distributions were obtained using methods described in refs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental tests of neutron shielding for the ATLAS forward region

Pospı́šil

Štekl

Cechak

et al. 1999

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…In the spirit of only-(mostly-) em sensitivity in the copper/quartz-fiber CMS test calorimeter, Demianov et al [47] made preliminary neutron measurements using Bonner spheres [48] adjacent to the copper/quartz-fiber calorimeter [13]. The longitudinal and transverse distributions were measured.…”

Section: Mipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy flow in a hadronic cascade: Application to hadron calorimetry

Groom

2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The hadronic cascade description developed in an earlier paper is extended to the response of an idealized fine-sampling hadron calorimeter. Calorimeter response is largely determined by the transfer of energy E π 0 from the hadronic to the electromagnetic sector via π 0 production. Fluctuations in this quantity produce the "constant term" in hadron calorimeter resolution. The increase of its fractional mean, f 0 π 0 = E π 0 /E, with increasing incident energy E causes the energy dependence of the π/e ratio in a noncompensating calorimeter. The mean hadronic energy fraction, f 0 h = 1 − f 0 π 0 , was shown to scale very nearly as a power law in E: f 0 h = (E/E 0 ) m−1 , where E 0 ≈ 1 GeV for pions, and m ≈ 0.83. It follows that π/e = 1 − (1 − h/e)(E/E 0 ) m−1 , where electromagnetic and hadronic energy deposits are detected with efficiencies e and h, respectively. If the mean fraction of f 0 h which is deposited as nuclear gamma rays is f 0 γ , then the expression becomes π/e = 1 − (1 − h ′ /e)(1 − f 0 γ )(E/E 0 ) m−1 . Fluctuations in these quantities, along with sampling fluctuations, are incorporated to give an overall understanding of resolution, which is different from the usual treatments in interesting ways. The conceptual framework is also extended to the response to jets and the difference between π and p response.

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“…Le spectromètre multisphères, aussi appelé système de sphères de Bonner (BSS), a été décrit pour la première fois en 1960 par Bramblett, Erwing et Bonner (Bramblett et al, 1960). Ce système est constitué par un détecteur de neutrons thermiques ( 6 Li, 10 B ou 3 He), enveloppé par des sphères modératrices de différents diamètres, souvent de polyéthylène pour que ces détecteurs soient sensibles aux neutrons de plus haute énergie.…”

Section: Spectrométrie Par La Méthode Des Multisphèresunclassified