A new typology of fathering: defining and associated variables

Abstract

Our goal was to identify different types of parenting based on self-report measures of fathers' involvement and parental attitudes. The present investigation studied 468 two-parent, FrenchCanadian families with at least one child between 0 and 6 years of age, living in a disadvantaged environment. The study, conducted on a sample of fathers, revealed the presence of the three basic types of parenting identified by Baumrind (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive), and also of a new type of parenting (stimulative parenting). The fathers in this latter group provide more emotional support to children and are more stimulating, as is evidenced by the greater psychological presence of children in the father's cognitions and by the fact that they more frequently introduce their children to new activities. These fathers are characterized by more secure social relationships. The father's parental stress level was found to be the most important variable discriminating between different types of fathering. Authoritarian and authoritative fathers are more at risk of maltreating their children because their more favourable attitude towards the use of physical punishment is combined with greater parental stress, less parental involvement of mothers, and a larger number of children in the home. Authoritarian fathers are even more at risk of maltreating their children because of more difficult family socioeconomic conditions, particularly lower levels of maternal education and income. Copyright

O Engajamento Paterno como Fator de Regulação da Agressividade em Pré-Escolares

“…It enables the characterization of the paternal involvement and consists of 56 items that form seven dimensions: Openness to the World, Basic Care, Discipline, Evocations, Physical Games, Emotional Support and Household Tasks. It uses a Likert type scale ranging from "never" to "always" to evaluate the frequency with which the father performs certain activities with their children (Paquette, Bolté, Turcotte, Dubeau, & Bouchard, 2000). The PEQ must be answered by the father and the Cronbach's Alpha obtained in this study was 0.89, demonstrating the reliability of the instrument.…”

Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review.

“…As family size increases, support for and use of corporal punishment by parents increase (Flynn, 1994;Hashima & Amato, 1994;Paquette et al, 2000;Pinderhughes et al, 2000;Sampson & Laub, 1994;Xu et al, 2000). Particularly important is the quality of the parents' romantic relationship.…”

Exploring transactions between thriving toddler girls and their fathers and grandfathers

“…They were not selected to afford cross-cultural comparisons or to claim typicality, which is to say, claims of generalisability on cultural or other grounds would not be warranted. They are presented to facilitate articulating a multiplicity of possible models of masculine nurturance that might broaden and nuance future conceptualisations of fathering (Frascarolo, 2004;Paquette, Bolté, Turcotte, Dubeau, & Bouchard, 2000).…”