Pseudorotaxane-type
ligands with tunable structural dynamics offer an opportunity in the
exploration of new actinide hybrid materials. In this work, we utilized
a weakly bonded pseudorotaxane ligand involving CB[6] and 1, 1′-(heptane-1,
7-diyl)bis(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyridin-1-ium) bromides ([C7BPCEt]Br
2
@CB[6]) to assemble with uranyl ion,
and we systematically investigated the effect of different factors
including pH and competing ligands on the hydrothermal synthesis of
URCPs. Nine uranyl-rotaxane coordination polymers (URCPs) with diversity
in coordination mode and topological structure were successfully prepared
(two previously reported complexes, URCP1 and URCP2 are also included). The results indicate that sulfate, bromide,
CB[6], and C7BPCA (the hydrolyzate of [C7BPCEt]Br
2
) show a combined influence on the obtained
URCPs. At low pH, both CB[6] and C7BPCA can bond with
uranyl centers and produce interwoven structures in URCP1, URCP2, and URCP6; at high pH, C7BPCA and competing anions (sulfate and bromide) have priority to coordinate
with uranyl ions in URCP3–URCP5 and URCP7–URCP9. Notably, for the first time, bromide anion
with lower affinity to uranyl ions is also observed in solid-state
uranyl coordination polymer (URCP7–URCP9), which
has been demonstrated by both energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. In addition, a spontaneously
single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from URCP3 to URCP4, which is driven by thermodynamics, was observed
and explained by computational study. Moreover, it reveals that sulfate
with stronger coordination ability can inhibit the hydrolysis of uranyl
ion to some extent with only a rarely reported pentanuclear uranyl
center found in URCP5 obtained at pH 5.67. These results
indicate that the combined effect of competing ligands and pH has
great significance in the formation of URCPs in terms of uranyl coordination
and speciation and can be an alternative way to design and synthesize
uranyl coordination polymers with new topologies.