A New Variety of Winter Rye Bezenchukskaya 110 With Recessive-Polygenic Type of Short-Stemmed for the Middle Volga Region

Abstract

The results of breeding for winter rye in recent years in experiments located on the chernozem of the ordinary steppe Volga region are presented. The characteristic of the new variety Bezenchukskaya 110 is given. In the nursery of competitive variety testing, the average yield (2015-2019) of grain of this variety was 4.36 t/ ha, which is 0.35 t/ha more than that of Bezenchuk 87. The high quality of grain makes it possible to use the Bezenchukskaya 110 variety both in the bakery and in the feed industry. Based on research, it has been established that the most rational way in the breeding process is the formation of a complex hybrid population based on its adaptive properties by means of strict selection of the starting material with directional polytopcross, using individual-family and family-group selections by the method of halves. According to the results of the correlation analysis, it was revealed that precipitation at the end of the spring and beginning of the summer vegetation period is one of the leading external factors of plant growth and development and largely determines the productivity of winter rye. The yield also depends on the amount of precipitation per year, on the temperature regime and the duration of the dry period in May and June. Grain quality is largely determined by the temperature regime and the intensity of precipitation during the grain filling period. Varieties with a polygenic recessive type of plant height control are most adapted to the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region.