“…Modern shield machines are integrated with mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, sensing and information technology, containing functions for cutting soil, transporting soil ballast, assembled tunnel lining, measuring, orientation and rectification [10][11][12]. More and more tunnels are employed to accommodate the construction of transportation systems, electricity and communication nowadays, which leads to an extensive application of TBMs in subway, railway, highway, municipal and hydroelectric tunnel projects [5,8,13,14].…”