A Newly Emerging Thermal Area in Yellowstone

Vaughan, R. G.; Hungerford, Jefferson; Keller, W.E.

doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00204

Cited by 11 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…According to the Köppen Climate Classification, the temperate and rainy climate of the Azores enhances vegetative vigor. This factor also highlights the relevance of the current study since, despite some effect of seasonality on the vigor of natural vegetation, the maintenance of low NDVI values can constitute important signs of permanent change on the surface related to the deep-derived contribution, as evidenced in volcanoes such as Yellowstone [ 22 ] and Hawai’i [ 57 ], where alterations in vegetation vigor due to thermal anomalies were detected. Identifying and understanding the land use dynamics in the study area are essential to minimize evaluation errors as mentioned above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The thermal anomaly in the Yellowstone volcano hydrothermal system was first identified in 2019. However, when investigating historical images, the authors of [ 22 ] found that in nighttime thermal images, the anomaly only significantly changed in radiation in 2007. In visible images, it was observed that the vegetation already showed signs of stress in 2001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, a few studies have already shown the use of satellite data to recognize anomalous thermal zones in hydrothermal systems, such as the studies carried out at the Nisyros (Greece) [ 20 ] and Solfatara (Italy) [ 21 ] volcanoes. Changes in the hydrothermal system of the Yellowstone Volcano (USA) were detected through thermal images in 2007; however, visible spectrum images allowed for the first signs of change in vegetation to be identified in 2001 [ 22 ] using high-resolution images. This case highlights the relevance of associating thermal and visible data for monitoring remote areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Detection of Geothermal Anomalies in Hydrothermal Systems Using ASTER Data: The Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande Case Study (Azores, Portugal)

Uchôa

Viveiros

Tiengo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Current-day volcanic activity in the Azores archipelago is characterized by seismic events and secondary manifestations of volcanism. Remote sensing techniques have been widely employed to monitor deformation in volcanic systems, map lava flows, or detect high-temperature gas emissions. However, using satellite imagery, it is still challenging to identify low-magnitude thermal changes in a volcanic system. In 2010, after drilling a well for geothermal exploration on the northern flank of Fogo Volcano on São Miguel Island, a new degassing and thermal area emerged with maximum temperatures of 100 °C. In the present paper, using the ASTER sensor, we observed changes in the near-infrared signals (15 m spatial resolution) six months after the anomaly emerged. In contrast, the thermal signal (90 m spatial resolution) only changed its threshold value one and a half years after the anomaly was recognized. The results show that wavelength and spatial resolution can influence the response time in detecting changes in a system. This paper reiterates the importance of using thermal imaging and high spatial resolution images to monitor and map thermal anomalies in hydrothermal systems such as those found in the Azores.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Geothermal Anomalies in Hydrothermal Systems Using ASTER Data: The Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande Case Study (Azores, Portugal)

Uchôa

Viveiros

Tiengo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Prior to this eruption, the last major eruption at Ear Spring was in 1957. Following the 2018 eruption, boiling occurred in both of Doublet's pools and other nearby thermal features displayed altered activity (Kipple, 2018; Vaughan et al., 2020). The long‐term Doublet Pool SI variation hence might reflect the heating and pressurization of the Geyser Hill system prior to 2018 which relaxed afterward.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thumping Cycle Variations of Doublet Pool in Yellowstone National Park, USA

Liu

Lin

Manga

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The active Yellowstone hydrothermal system results from shallow groundwater interacting with heat from a deeper magmatic system (Smith & Siegel, 2000). Variations in heating rate, conduit geometry, and water influx control the exact surface manifestation of each hydrothermal feature (e.g., Namiki et al., 2016;Rinehart, 1980;Toramaru & Maeda, 2013). An eruptive geyser is composed of a long narrow subsurface conduit with constrictions that inhibit effective fluid convection, keep the hydrostatic pressure high, and suppress the liquid-to-vapor phase transition. With continued heat accumulation, the system eventually reaches a critical condition where a perturbation in pressure initiates a phase transition between liquid and vapor, and the resulting volume expansion will vigorously eject a liquid-vapor mixture into the air (White, 1967). A hot spring, in contrast, is a steady-state system where both heat and water influx and outflux remain balanced. At least one hot spring in New Zealand (Iodine Pool; Legaz et al., 2009) and several features in Yellowstone, however, mysteriously "thump" either periodically or episodically suggesting their heat input and output are not completely balanced and thus that they share some similarities with geysers. Doublet Pool, a hot spring composed of a main and an auxiliary pool connected by a narrow channel at the surface, in the Upper Geyser Basin (Figure 1), is famous for its persistent, approximately periodic thumping cycle (Bryan, 2008). During active thumping, the water level in the main pool vibrates visibly, ground shaking can be felt, and thumping can be heard on a quiet day near the pool. While periodic thumping resembles a geyser's eruption pattern, the thumping at Doublet Pool never evolves into an active eruption.Many previous geophysical studies, including seismic investigations aimed at understanding the eruption dynamics of geysers, have recorded hydrothermal tremor connected to the liquid/vapor phase transition processes (Kedar et al., 1998(Kedar et al., , 1996Wu et al., 2017). The spatiotemporal distribution of the tremor sources has been used to illuminate the subsurface conduit system and infer the physical state of the geyser system during each stage of the eruption cycle (

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“…The shift in hydrothermal activity at 3800 yr BP may have been triggered by changes in geology or climate. Earthquakes (Miller, 1968;Marler and White, 1975;Pitt and Hutchinson, 1982) and ground deformation (Vaughan et al, 2020) are known to abruptly alter hydrothermal activity, and these events have probably affected LGB hydrothermal activity throughout the Holocene. For comparison, the 1959 Hebgen Lake Earthquake (M 7.1, epicenter ∼40 km from the Yellowstone Plateau's western thermal areas) altered the activity of many existing thermal features (Marler and White, 1975) and caused new soil heating in the vicinity of Rush Lake in LGB, destroying adjacent forest (Miller, 1968).…”

Section: Holocene Climate Context On the Yellowstone Plateaumentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene geo-ecological evolution of Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (USA)

2021

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Changes in climate and fire regime have long been recognized as drivers of the postglacial vegetation history of Yellowstone National Park, but the effects of locally dramatic hydrothermal activity are poorly known. Multi-proxy records from Goose Lake have been used to describe the history of Lower Geyser Basin where modern hydrothermal activity is widespread. From 10,300 cal yr BP to 3800 cal yr BP, thermal waters discharged into the lake, as evidenced by the deposition of arsenic-rich sediment, fluorite mud, and relatively high δ13Csediment values. Partially thermal conditions affected the limnobiotic composition, but prevailing climate, fire regime, and rhyolitic substrate maintained Pinus contorta forest in the basin, as found throughout the region. At 3800 cal yr BP, thermal water discharge into Goose Lake ceased, as evidenced by a shift in sediment geochemistry and limnobiota. Pollen and charcoal data indicate concurrent grassland development with limited fuel biomass and less fire activity, despite late Holocene climate conditions that were conducive to expanded forest cover. The shift in hydrothermal activity at Goose Lake and establishment of the treeless geyser basin may have been the result of a tectonic event or change in hydroclimate. This record illustrates the complex interactions of geology and climate that govern the development of an active hydrothermal geo-ecosystem.

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A Newly Emerging Thermal Area in Yellowstone

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Detection of Geothermal Anomalies in Hydrothermal Systems Using ASTER Data: The Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande Case Study (Azores, Portugal)

Detection of Geothermal Anomalies in Hydrothermal Systems Using ASTER Data: The Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande Case Study (Azores, Portugal)

Thumping Cycle Variations of Doublet Pool in Yellowstone National Park, USA

Holocene geo-ecological evolution of Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (USA)

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