A nitrogen- and carbonyl-rich conjugated small-molecule organic cathode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Kuan, Hsuan-Cheng; Luu, Nhu T. H.; Ivanov, Alexander S.; Chen, Teng‐Hao; Popovs, Ilja; Lee, Jui-Chin; Kaveevivitchai, Watchareeya

doi:10.1039/d2ta03953b

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In another report to tackle poor electrical conductivity and dissolution of organic electrodes, hexaazatrianthranylene (HATA)‐embedded quinone (HATAQ) cathode was explored. [ 139 ] The Quinone derivative has a highly extended π ‐conjugated structure rich in nitrogen and carbonyl species effective in promoting electrical conductivity. These highly functionalized conjugated HATAQ molecules form unique hydrogen bonds that result in supramolecular graphite‐like 2D layered arrangements.…”

Section: Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Unleashing the Potential of Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Current State and Future Directions for Sustainable Energy Storage

Singh

Islam

Meena

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a viable alternative to lithium‐ion battery (LIB) technology, as their raw materials are economical, geographically abundant (unlike lithium), and less toxic. The matured LIB technology contributes significantly to digital civilization, from mobile electronic devices to zero electric‐vehicle emissions. However, with the increasing reliance on renewable energy sources and the anticipated integration of high‐energy‐density batteries into the grid, concerns have arisen regarding the sustainability of lithium due to its limited availability and consequent price escalations. In this context, SIBs have gained attention as a potential energy storage alternative, benefiting from the abundance of sodium and sharing electrochemical characteristics similar to LIBs. Furthermore, high‐entropy chemistry has emerged as a new paradigm, promising to enhance energy density and accelerate advancements in battery technology to meet the growing energy demands. This review uncovers the fundamentals, current progress, and the views on the future of SIB technologies, with a discussion focused on the design of novel materials. The crucial factors, such as morphology, crystal defects, and doping, that can tune electrochemistry, which should inspire young researchers in battery technology to identify and work on challenging research problems, are also reviewed.

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Section: Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Unleashing the Potential of Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Current State and Future Directions for Sustainable Energy Storage

Singh

Islam

Meena

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…For example, Wang et al [67] built a full battery based on 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (Na 4 DHTPA; Na 4 C 8 H 2 O 6 ), which demonstrated an average operation voltage of 1.8 V and practical energy density of about 65 Wh kg À1 . Carbonyl polymers, [68][69][70] conjugated conductive polymers, [71,72] covalent organic frameworks, [73][74][75][76] organometallic compounds, [77,78] and organic radical polymers [79][80][81] can also serve as organic cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, in the form of polymer cathode materials. Jiang et al synthesized anthraquinone-based conjugated polymer cathodes, which served as a cathode material consisting of anthraquinone and benzene in different linking modes.…”

Section: Cathode Materials For Sodium-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CEI Optimization: Enable the High Capacity and Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries for Future Massive Energy Storage

Han,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted attention due to their potential applications for future energy storage devices. Despite significant attempts to improve the core electrode materials, only some work has been conducted on the chemistry of the interface between the electrolytes and essential electrode materials. Therefore, the different cathode–electrolyte interfaces (CEIs) that form between various cathode materials and liquid electrolytes for SIBs are briefly reviewed, and the requirements of CEI performance in low‐temperature SIBs. Modifying the cathode materials and electrolyte formulas offers an efficient strategy for CEI enhancement. The summary and analysis, given in this article, may serve as a reference for the development of better sodium‐ion batteries.

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“…Historically, significant efforts have been dedicated to enhancing the performance of COFs . Strategies involving the design of COFs with high theoretical capacities, the customization of redox potentials, the formation of composites, and the exfoliation of COFs have been developed to achieve improved overall performances. − In some reports where a discharge capacity of more than 400 mAh g –1 have been reported, either the content of the active material was too low (30%) or the current density required to obtain a high capacity was too low (0.05C) for any practical use. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was postulated that incorporating carbonyl groups in this aza-fused system could maximize the loading of the redox-active groups effectively, thus leading to a COF with a very high theoretical capacity (773 mAh g –1 ). It is a known fact that the incorporation of carbonyl-containing structures into polymer architectures leads to an increase in the overall redox potential, primarily because of the electron-withdrawing effect of carbonyls. , Furthermore, the incorporation of nitrogen atoms results in the reduction of the energy gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), thereby promoting electronic and ionic conductivity. , On the basis of this idea, a benzoquinone-embedded aza-fused covalent organic framework (BQ COF) has already been reported with a discharge capacity of 502 mA hg –1 but at a very low current density (0.05C) and with an active material loading of 50% . Nonetheless, owing to its high theoretical capacity, the BQ COF retains the potential to serve as an organic cathode with a commercially viable energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a known fact that the incorporation of carbonyl-containing structures into polymer architectures leads to an increase in the overall redox potential, primarily because of the electron-withdrawing effect of carbonyls. 19,26 Furthermore, the incorporation of nitrogen atoms results in the reduction of the energy gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), thereby promoting electronic and ionic conductivity. 27,28 On the basis of this idea, a benzoquinone-embedded aza-fused covalent organic framework (BQ COF) has already been reported with a discharge capacity of 502 mA hg −1 but at a very low current density (0.05C) and with an active material loading of 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Benzoquinone-Embedded COF via Heat Treatment for a High-Energy Organic Cathode

Amin,

Mehmood,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A benzoquinone-embedded aza-fused covalent organic framework (BQ COF) with the maximum loading of redox-active units per molecule was employed as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to achieve high energy and power densities. The synthesis was optimized to obtain high crystallinity and improved electrochemical performance. Synthesis at moderate temperature followed by a solid-state reaction was found to be particularly useful for achieving good crystallinity and the activation of the COF. When used as a cathode for LIBs, very high discharge capacities of 513, 365, and 234 mAh g −1 were obtained at 0.1C, 1C, and 10C, respectively, showing a remarkable rate performance. More than 70% of the initial capacity was retained after 1000 cycles when the cathode was investigated for cyclic performance at 2.5C. We demonstrated that a straightforward heat treatment led to enhanced crystallinity, an optimized structure, and favorable morphology, resulting in enhanced electrode kinetics and an improved overall electrochemical behavior. A comparative study was conducted involving an aza-fused COF lacking carbonyl groups (TAB COF) and a small molecule containing phenazine and carbonyl (3BQ), providing useful insights into new material design. A full cell was assembled with graphite as the anode to assess the commercial feasibility of BQ COF, and a discharge capacity of 240 mAh g −1 was obtained at 0.5C. Furthermore, a pouch-type cell with a high discharge capacity and an excellent rate performance was assembled, demonstrating the practical applicability of our designed cathode. Considering the entire mass of the working electrode, a specific energy density of 492 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 492 W kg −1 were achieved at the high current density of 1C, which are comparable to those of commercially available cathodes. These results highlight the promise of organic electrode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, this study provides a systematic approach for simultaneously designing organic materials with high power and energy densities.

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A nitrogen- and carbonyl-rich conjugated small-molecule organic cathode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Abstract: Organic-based cathode materials have attracted considerable attention for sustainable Na-ion batteries due to their great promise to overcome the issues arising from the insertion of large Na+ into the rigid...

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Unleashing the Potential of Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Current State and Future Directions for Sustainable Energy Storage

Unleashing the Potential of Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Current State and Future Directions for Sustainable Energy Storage

CEI Optimization: Enable the High Capacity and Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries for Future Massive Energy Storage

Optimizing the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Benzoquinone-Embedded COF via Heat Treatment for a High-Energy Organic Cathode

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