A nitrogen heterocyclic/phosphaphenanthrene derivative as a reactive additive for simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy, mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy resins

Yuan

Polymers for Advanced Techs

et al. 2022

Self Cite

Epoxy resin (EP) have the disadvantage of high flammability and large amount of smoke, which greatly restricts its wide application in basic material. In order to obtain EP with excellent smoke inhibition and flame retardance, the flame retardant called as PBO, which with both condensed phase and gas phase flame‐retardant effects, was synthesized by the reaction among p‐phenylenediamine, DOPO, and indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde. From combustion results, EP containing PBO obtained V‐0 grade with a significantly improvement from 22.5% to 30.2% in limiting oxygen index. In comparison with EP, total smoke production, total heat release and the peak of heat release of EP/PBO‐1.0 were declined by 32%, 41.5%, and 37.4%, respectively. Besides, Tg of EP composites also had a certain degree of improvement, which due to the increase of rigidity and crosslinking density of EP caused by the addition of PBO. Meanwhile, the analysis of chars and pyrolysis products of PBO presented that the improvement was assigned to two phase synergy through barrier effect of chars in condensed phase and interrupt chain reaction in gaseous phase.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A phosphaphenanthrene‐based derivative for simultaneously improving flame retardant and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites

Yuan

Polymers for Advanced Techs

et al. 2022

Self Cite

“…At present, adding flame retardants is considered one of the most common and effective ways to suppress the fire hazards of EP . In recent years, many kinds of flame retardants have been designed to endow EP with flame retardancy. − However, most flame retardants have cumbersome synthesis routes, with the main raw materials coming from nonrenewable petrochemicals, and require large amounts of organic solvents to synthesize flame retardants. Therefore, the development of synthesis processes for simple and sustainable flame retardants has become a hot topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan–Fe(III) Complexes via Green Preparation toward Flame Retardant and High-Mechanical-Strength Epoxy Composites

Zhou

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

et al. 2022

Biobased flame retardants with facile preparation, high performance in smoke suppression, and mechanical reinforcement toward epoxy resins are worth exploring for feasible sustainability. Although some chitosan-containing flame retardants have been successfully developed so far, the synthesis processes for most of them require the use of large volumes of organic solvents and give low synthetic yields. Herein, we report a facile, green, and high-yielding strategy for the synthesis of chitosan−metal complex flame retardants (CS−Fe) by coordination of chitosan with Fe(III) in water. The results show that incorporating 9 wt % CS−Fe enables the EP composites to pass the UL-94 V-1 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.5%. At the same time, the peak heat release rate, peak smoke production, total smoke production, peak CO production, and fire growth rate of EP/9CS−Fe are significantly reduced, indicating good flame retardancy. Remarkably, the prepared CS−Fe enhanced both the strength and toughness of EP due to the homogeneous dispersion of CS−Fe and the presence of a reaction between CS−Fe and the EP matrix. This work provides a simple and economic strategy for the green preparation of chitosan-based flame retardants with high efficiency.

J of Applied Polymer Sci

“…On the other hand, molecules containing 1,2,4-triazole are also proven to have flame retarding ability when added as additive FR as well as reactive FR. [81][82][83][84] Hence, the triazole moiety partakes in both condensed phase as well as vapor phase FR mechanism. Schematic representation of the FR Since the revelation of nitrogen gas expulsion from 1,2,3-triazole moiety under thermal and photochemical decomposition by Gilchrist and co-workers, [85][86][87] the demand for inserting the triazole moiety into polymeric materials for FR applications has increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,2,3‐Triazole rich polymers for flame retardant application: A review

Sykam

Shailaja

Basak

2022

Development of the non‐halogenated flame retardants (FRs) is an emerging research area as halogenated FRs are prone to produce carcinogenic and persistent organic pollutants. In this context, 1,2,3‐triazole synergized FR polymeric materials noticeably attained great interest in the last decade. The mini‐review highlights the role of azide‐alkyne click chemistry with specific reference to 1,2,3‐triazole moiety covalently grafted FR for various polymeric systems. In particular, the intumescent FR mechanism of 1,2,3‐triazole has been reviewed and the technical evidence for the mechanism is provided by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. 1,2,3‐triazole moiety is increasingly proving itself to be a potent non‐halogenated FR and it has the potential to be adopted by the industry in near future.