A non-centrosymmetric square lattice with an axial–bending coupling

Cui, Zhiming; Liang, Zihe; Ju, Jaehyung

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110532

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The outputs of this latch depend not only on the current input but also on the operation being performed, such as holding previous values or setting new ones. A mechanical SR latch can be physically implemented by breaking the centrosymmetry in an assembly of two mechanical transistors [ 49 ] to create a local closed loop that circulates heat, providing Q now and Q next outputs, as illustrated in Figure 3b. Periodic set‐reset experiments confirmed the SR latch's functionality, shown in Figure 3c.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Computing with Mechanical Transistors

Chen,

Song,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Mechanical computing has garnered significant interest as a supplement to traditional electronic computing, which often grapples with issues like high power consumption, security vulnerabilities, and susceptibility to extreme environmental conditions such as intense heat and radiation. Yet, most research in mechanical computing has been limited to the ad hoc design of simple logic gates and has not fully achieved the implementation of simple arithmetic computation within an electricity‐free framework. Additionally, progress in environmentally adaptive computing, crucial for decentralized intelligence, has also been slow. New ground is broken with the development of a mechanical transistor that synergizes a Kirigami thermomechanical sensor and a bistable actuator, enabling in‐memory computing for combinational and sequential logic. The design stands out by employing modular construction, symmetry breaking, and nonlinear materials, crafting logic gates, and memory units that respond to environmental stimuli through thermal delay. These transistors integrate design and material intelligence to establish nonvolatile memories, essential for logic‐in‐memory, and align thermal transport with mechanical deformation for environmental responsiveness. The mechanical transistor heralds a new age in mechanical computing, proving to be as versatile and vital as the electronic transistor has been in the era of modern computing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Computing with Mechanical Transistors

Chen,

Song,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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“…To conclude, our combined semi‐analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations have shown that symmetry breaking of slit pattern induces geometric frustration and anisotropic shape morphing in bistable kirigami and controls the trade‐offs between bistability and anisotropy of scaling. While symmetry breaking has been used to generate anisotropic response in other metamaterial architectures, [ 29,41,44,52 ] this work unlocks anisotropic morphing in kirigami metamaterials and further unveils how symmetry groups affect geometric frustration and their anisotropic bistable shape shifting. For example, “p31m” BAM with threefold rotational symmetry features frustration‐free bistable isotropic expansion, “cm” ABAM with lower symmetry undergoes frustrated anisotropic deployment with reduced bistability, and “p1” ABAM with least symmetry exhibits a moderate response that is frustrated and bounded by “cm” ABAM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[41] Symmetry has long been a valuable tool for creating complex architected materials. [41][42][43][44] However, for kirigami metamaterials it has only been applied to rigid deployable patterns [28,29,45] with kinematics described by nondeformable panels and pure rotational hinges. The deployment of all these patterns does not involve geometric frustration, [46,47] a phenomenon occurring when incompatible geometric constraints impede the deformation of an object under a set of applied forces; in the realm of kirigami, geometric frustration appears as local disordered deployments caused by incompatible geometric restrictions, such as local deformation of panels due to slit geometry that violates rigid deployable constraints [48] and out-of-plane morphing due to nonuniform strains in nonperiodic patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Morphing in Bistable Kirigami through Symmetry Breaking and Geometric Frustration

Qiao,

Agnelli,

Pokkalla

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Shape morphing in bistable kirigami enables remarkable functionalities appealing to a diverse range of applications across the spectrum of length scale. At the core of their shape shifting lies the architecture of their repeating unit, where highly deformable slits and quasi‐rigid rotating units often exhibit multiple symmetries that confers isotropic deployment obeying uniform scaling transformation. In this work, symmetry breaking in bistable kirigami is investigated to access geometric frustration and anisotropic morphing, enabling arbitrarily scaled deployment in planar and spatial bistable domains. With an analysis on their symmetry properties complemented by a systematic investigation integrating semi‐analytical derivations, numerical simulations, and experiments on elastic kirigami sheets, this work unveils the fundamental relations between slit symmetry, geometric frustration, and anisotropic bistable deployment. Furthermore, asymmetric kirigami units are leveraged in planar and flat‐to‐3D demonstrations to showcase the pivotal role of shear deformation in achieving target shapes and functions so far unattainable with uniformly stretchable kirigami. The insights provided in this work unveil the role of slit symmetry breaking in controlling the anisotropic bistable deployment of soft kirigami metamaterials, enriching the range of achievable functionalities for applications spanning deployable space structures, wearable technologies, and soft machines.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…Mechanical coupling can provide an interactive design that can communicate with adjacent units. [23] Beyond the most wellknown mechanical coupling (Poisson's effect), lattice structures can produce anisotropic mechanical couplings such as axial-shear, [20] axial-bending, [24] and axial-twist couplings [25] by breaking the symmetry of regular lattices. [26] Figure 4 and Video S4 (Supporting Information) show multimodal mechanical couplings of 2D lattices by reprogramming with structural instability and asymmetric magnetization.…”

Section: Multimodal Mechanical Couplings By Reprogrammable Transforma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto‐Thermomechanically Reprogrammable Mechanical Metamaterials

et al. 2022

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Future active metamaterials for reconfigurable structural applications require fast, untethered, reversible, and reprogrammable (multimodal) transformability with shape locking. Magnetic control has a superior advantage for fast and remotely controlled deployment; however, a significant drawback is needed to maintain the magnetic force to hold the transformation, limiting its use in structural applications. The shape‐locking property of shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) can resolve this issue. However, the intrinsic irreversibility of SMPs may limit their reconfigurability as active metamaterials. Moreover, to date, reprogrammable methods have required high power with laser and arc welding proving to be energy‐inefficient control methods. In this work, a magneto‐thermomechanical tool is constructed and demonstrated, which enables a single material system to transform with untethered, reversible, low‐powered reprogrammable deformations, and shape locking via the application of magneto‐thermomechanically triggered prestress on the SMP and structural instability with asymmetric magnetic torque. The mutual assistance of two physics concepts—magnetic control combined with the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs is demonstrated, without requiring new materials synthesis and high‐power energy for reprogramming. This approach can open a new path of active metamaterials, flexible yet stiff soft robots, multimodal morphing structures, and mechanical computing devices where it can be designed in reversible and reprogrammable ways.

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A non-centrosymmetric square lattice with an axial–bending coupling

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Thermal Computing with Mechanical Transistors

Thermal Computing with Mechanical Transistors

Anisotropic Morphing in Bistable Kirigami through Symmetry Breaking and Geometric Frustration

Magneto‐Thermomechanically Reprogrammable Mechanical Metamaterials

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