A Non-Destructive Method for Evaluation of the Out of Plane Elastic Modulus of Porous and Composite Materials

Abstract

This paper presents an effective and reliable non-destructive method to measure the Young Modulus of porous and out of plane Young Modulus of composite materials using sound waves. First, a Finite Element Model based on Representative Volume Element (RVE) is developed to demonstrate how the elastic properties of composite material can be estimated by acoustic measurements using an impedance tube test rig. Second, the results of the experimental measurement campaign was carried out to validate the proposed method. In particular, two soft elastic foams with different density, an epoxy-carbon fibre composite and vynilesterglass fibre composite were tested. In the proposed method, a two-microphone impedance tube setup was used where the measured acoustic pressures at two upstream locations allowed the estimation of the reflection coefficient and the acoustic impedance of the tested materials. Since the acoustic impedance can be expressed as a function of the longitudinal speed of sound (assuming a plane standing wave excitation), the elastic modulus can be estimated which is associated with the speed of sound. The elastic modulus measured using the proposed method were in good agreement with the values obtained by the standard methods such as tensile tests and ultrasound time of flight measurements. The proposed method would allow in an accurate and fast manner the non-destructive evaluation of Young Modulus of porous materials and for the first time the proposed approach is applied successfully to the measurement of out of plane Young modulus of composite materials.

Elasti̇k Modül Yaklaşimi İle Ses Hizlarinin Hesaplanarak Tungsteni̇n Akusti̇k Empedans Üzeri̇ndeki̇ Etki̇leri̇ni̇n Araştirilmasi

“…Where E is the Elastic modulus in the equation, which characterizes the flexibility of the environment, d is the density and c is the velocity or speed of sound (Wegst, 2006) (Bucciarelli, 2019) (Elastisite Modülü(Young Modülü) ve Hooke Kanunu, 2019) (Durmuş, 2019) (Dolgin, 2021).…”

Use of compression test to determine the Young's modulus of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V manufactured via direct metal laser sintering

“…The method offered a solution for the on-site determination of mechanical properties since most of the mechanical ways required a large set of testing machines. Bucciarelli et al [24] tried the sound waves method as a non-destructive testing way to determine the elastic modulus, where an error of 2% was achieved compared with the results of tensile-testing methods of determination. The same approach of the sound factor was used by Nunn [25].…”