A Non-Linear Viscoelastic-Plastic Model for Describing Compaction Processes

Sinkage and rolling resistance of wheels

“…The seemingly loose upper layer under load will be compacted and its load carrying capacity may increase rapidly. The compaction of soils considerably depends on the initial density, the particle size distribution, the local moisture content, and on the hardness profile under the contact surface, therefore, its reliable calculation is hardly possible [8,9]. A more purposeful approach is today to use circular plates (10-30 cm dia.)…”

Study on Energy Requirement of Wood Chip Compaction

“…For describing the compaction process, a relatively simple empirical relationship was used. Using non-linear rheological models, a more generally valid description of the compaction process was developed and used for sawdust and chips (Sitkei, 1994; Sitkei, 1997) and, furthermore, the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of the material was experimentally mapped in the entire loading velocity range. Some experimental results on the energy requirement of the pelleting process for fodder fl ours were already summarized by (Schwanghart, 1969) without specifying the measurement conditions and material properties.…”

“…The pressure-strain relationship is strongly non-linear and can be given in the following form (Sitkei, 1994;Pronk, 2005): (3) where:…”

“…Its value varies between 1.5 and 2.5 for various wood chips (Sitkei, 1994;Hofko, 2008). The strength of chips especially infl uences the course of compaction curve as a function of displacement.…”