A Nonenzymatic Amperometric Method for Fructosyl‐Valine Sensing Using Ferroceneboronic Acid

Abstract

Fructosyl valine (Fru-Val) is a glycosylated component of hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) that can serve as a diagnostic target for type 2 diabetes. While average blood glucose levels fluctuate significantly, the more stable levels of HbA 1c can serve as a better long-term diagnostic marker. Here a diagnostic system, incorporating an amperometric method, for detecting Fru-Val (at + 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl), using ferrocene boronic acid (FcBA) is presented. FcBA can complex diols, and has easily detectable redox properties. The boronic acid group in FcBA mediates complexation, while the Fe(II)/Fe(III) couple serves as a transducer. The diagnostic system, based on a miniaturized bare glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE), has a fast response time.

Disposable Sandwich‐type Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Detection of Glucose Based on Boronate Affinity

“…In this section, the effect of pH (from 4.7, 5.3, 6.2, 7.4, 8.1, 9.2 to 10.5) of the media on the formation of glucose‐boronic complex was investigated using CV method. As shown in Figure , a noteworthy increase of currents response of FcBA was observed from pH 5.3 to 7.4, and the currents were almost constant in the range of pH 8.1–10.5, which was consistent with previous report that the alkaline conditions were favorable to formation of boronate ester . It was normally believed that the binding constants attained a maximum while the pH was higher than pKa of the phenylboronic acid compounds (pKa=8.9).…”

“…Diabetes has become the serious disease wherein the sufferer endures high blood glucose levels for a protracted length of time, and caused widespread concerns around the world. Mainly preventive measures of diabetes are clinical monitoring of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels [1][2][3][4]. Over the past several decades, enzyme-based electrochemical sensors have been investigated for monitoring glucose in biofluid attribute to their excellent selectivity and high efficiency.…”

Glycated hemoglobin-detection methods based on electrochemical biosensors

“…However, Chien and Chou reported amperometric sensors for fructosyl valine (FV) based on FcBA [49]. FV is released from HbA1c by protease digestion, enabling indirect estimation of HbA1c levels.…”

Electrochemical Detection of Hemoglobin: A Review

“…Electroanalysis of HbA1c can be categorized into two groups, which are based on the detection of fructosyl valine (FV) or direct detection of HbA1c. FV can be analyzed by non‐enzymatic and enzymatic methods , whereas the direct HbA1c analysis is mostly performed using boronic acid derivatives , due to their high affinity for the glucose region of the HbA1c molecule.…”