A noninvasive swallowing measurement system using a combination of respiratory flow, swallowing sound, and laryngeal motion

Abstract

The assessment of swallowing function is important for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia. We developed a new swallowing monitoring system that uses respiratory flow, swallowing sound, and laryngeal motion. We applied this device to 11 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with dysphagia. Videofluoroscopy (VF) was conducted simultaneously with swallowing monitoring using our device. We measured laryngeal rising time (LRT), the time required for the larynx to elevate to the highest position, and laryngeal activation duration (LAD), the duration between the onset of rapid laryngeal elevation and the time when the larynx returned to the lowest position. In addition, we evaluated the coordination between swallowing and breathing. We found that LAD was correlated with a VF-derived parameter, pharyngeal response duration (PRD) in healthy subjects (LAD: 959 ± 259 ms vs. PRD: 1062 ± 149 ms, r = 0.60); however, this correlation was not found in the dysphagia patients. LRT was significantly prolonged in patients (healthy subjects: 320 ± 175 ms vs. patients: 465 ± 295 ms, P < 0.001, t test). Furthermore, frequency of swallowing immediately after inspiration was significantly increased in patients. Therefore, the new device may facilitate the assessment of some aspects of swallowing dysfunction.

Clinical improvement of nursing intervention in swallowing dysfunction of elderly stroke patients

“…For elderly stroke patients, physical functions deteriorate gradually, immunity declines continuously, and swallowing dysfunction occurs. These phenomena cause malnutrition and dehydration, thereby decreasing the living quality of patients [9,10]. Therefore, nursing services must be enhanced to relieve swallowing dysfunction of patients and improve their living quality.…”

Effects of Maneuvers on Breathing-Swallowing Coordination and Swallowing Kinetics in Dysphagia Patients

“…They swallowed each type of food before, during, and after the humming swallow maneuver, as well as after the forehead exercise ( Figure 1). These swallows were monitored by a non-invasive monitoring device [3], and signals were stored in a micro SD card for later analyses.…”

“…The method to monitor swallowing behavior has been described previously [3]. Briefly, respiratory flow was monitored by a nasal cannula-type flow sensor (Flow Nasal Cannula Type A, Atom Medical, Saitama, Japan) and a differential pressure transmitter (KL-17, Nagano Keiki Co., Tokyo, Japan).…”

“…Indeed, it has been reported that Parkinson's disease patients with decreased swallowing safety, as measured by the penetration-aspiration scale, tend to inspire after swallows (SW-I pattern) and tend to have shorter swallowing apnea duration [2]. Recently, we developed a swallowing monitoring device that can detect the laryngeal motion and evaluate the coordination between breathing and swallowing [3]. Comparing the kinetics of swallowing between healthy elderly subjects and patients with dysphagia, we found that the prolongation of 'swallowing latency' (interval between the onset of respiratory pause and the onset of swallowing) leads to delayed timing of the swallow and results in an increase in the SW-I pattern in patients with dysphagia [4].…”

Caracterización y Clasificación de Señales de Auscultación Cervical Adquiridas con Estetoscopio para Detección Automática de Sonidos Deglutorios

“…Con respecto a otros trabajos que han incluido otras fuentes de ruido, se destaca el de Sazonov et al [7] , Yagi et al [30] , aplicaron un sistema para la detección de la deglución utilizando no solo información de los sonidos de auscultación cervical obtenidos con micrófono, sino también información de sensores de flujo respiratorio y sensores de movimiento de la laringe. Olubanjo and Ghonvanloo [17] , reportaron un esquema como el pre-clic, el "lub-dub" (parecido al latido del corazón durante la deglución) [4] , y el de la respiración.…”