A Nonlinear Average-Current-Controlled Multiphase Boost Converter With Monolithically Integrated Control and Low-Side Power Switches in 0.35-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m HV CMOS for the Automotive Sector

Abstract

The paper reports the first multi-phase implementation based on recently proposed nonlinear average current control (NACC) for power factor correction and dc-dc converters. A multi-phase boost dc-dc converter with control and low-side power switches integrated on the same die using the AMS 0.35µm HV CMOS process is designed and introduced. The converter benefits from using an analogue current controllers that are very simple, insensitive to noise and independent of converter and control design parameters. Multi-phase operation enables effectively higher operating frequency (seen from the converter input and output) which in turn enables smaller reactive components to be selected. The converter is dedicated for supplying the electric vehicle auxiliary board net (12 V) from the photovoltaic cell stack input allowing a maximum power of 40 W to be transferred at 500 kHz switching frequency of each phase (effectively at 1.5 MHz). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is performed as the converter global control at~7.5 kHz, while the inner control loops are based on NACC. Suitability of such hybrid converters for integration with active solar cells make them favourable to be used as a solar range extender for electric/hybrid vehicles, making thus a step forward towards a complete system miniaturisation of solar regenerative energy solutions in automotive applications -solar-module-integrated dc-dc converters. Experimental measurements performed with a converter prototype including a chip based on 0.35µm HV triplewell CMOS technology verify the proposed multi-phase operation and NACC control method.Index Terms-CMOS analogue integrated circuits, current control, interleaved multiphase dc-dc converter, power integrated circuits, switched-mode power supplies.

Integrated Very-High-Frequency Switch Mode Power Supplies: Design Considerations

“…PwrSiP integrates the power transistors and control circuitry monolithically, with the energy storage integrated into the package, e.g. [9]. There are various products available on the market, from several companies, [10]- [14] that implement power supplies in complete packaging.…”