A Nonlinear Observer Design for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Estimation

Arcak, Murat; Gorgun, Haluk; Pedersen, Lars Haastrup; Varigonda, Subbarao

doi:10.1109/tcst.2003.821958

Cited by 85 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Following the state space representation in (12), the observer states are the gas species concentrations c i , henceforth for n discretisation volumes, x(t) c i (t, z 1 , z 2 , . .…”

Section: Observation Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A critical parameter to be estimated in a PEMFC is the membrane water content [10,11], since this variable has an important effect on the PEMFC efficiency and overall system performance. Other works present the nonlinear observation of the inlet hydrogen and oxygen flows through the measurement of the input and output manifold pressures of the PEMFC [12,13]. Measuring the compressor rotational speed and the pressures in the cathode inlet and outlet manifolds, the oxygen excess ratio in the fuel cell is observed in [14] and its observed value is used in a feedback control loop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nonlinear observation in fuel cell systems: A comparison between disturbance estimation and High-Order Sliding-Mode techniques

Luna

Usai

Husar

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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This paper compares two Nonlinear Distributed Parameter Observers (NDPO) for the observation of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Both NDPOs are based on the discretisation of distributed parameters models and they are used to estimate the state profile of gas concentrations in the anode and cathode gas channels of the PEMFC, giving detailed information about the internal conditions of the system. The reaction and water transport flow rates from the membrane to the channels are uncertainties of the observation problem and they are estimated throughout all the length of the PEMFC without the use of additional sensors. The first observation approach is a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer (NDOB) for the estimation of the disturbances in the NDPO. In the second approach, a novel implementation of a High-Order Sliding-Mode (HOSM) observer is developed to estimate the true value of the states as well as the reaction terms. The proposed observers are tested and compared through a simulation example at different operating points and their performance and robustness is analysed over a given case study, the New European Driving Cycle.

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“…Following the state space representation in (12), the observer states are the gas species concentrations c i , henceforth for n discretisation volumes, x(t) c i (t, z 1 , z 2 , . .…”

Section: Observation Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear observation in fuel cell systems: A comparison between disturbance estimation and High-Order Sliding-Mode techniques

Luna

Usai

Husar

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The limitation arises when the FCS system architecture dictates that all auxiliary equipment is powered directly from the FC with no secondary power sources. An observer was designed by Arcak et al (2004) to estimate anode hydrogen pressure with an output injection term based on stack voltage. The paper by Kunusch et al (2009) tackles the breathing problem of subsystem of a PEM fuel cell stacks by using a second order sliding mode strategy.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell control with feed-forward and feedback strategy

Rgab¹,

Yu²,

Gomm³

2011

Int. J. Eng. Sci. Tech

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Feed-forward and feedback control is developed in this work for Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stacks. The feed-forward control is achieved using different methods, including look-up table, fuzzy logic and neural network, to improve the fuel cell stack breathing control and prevent the problem of oxygen starvation. Firstly, the feed-forward controller is used to generate directly an input voltage of the compressor according to the current demand. Then, a PID controller is used in the feedback to adjust the difference between the requested and the actual oxygen ratio by compensating the feed-forward controller output. The designed system is evaluated using a nonlinear simulation of a fuel cell model documented in the literature. The proposed feed-forward with PID controller have achieved a good control performance. The simulation showed effectiveness of the control strategy.

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“…Thus there is a need for the bottom-up control-oriented modeling approach described in this article. Simplified, physical models can be used both for observer design [2] and controls analysis and design [21].…”

Section: System Level Dynamic Model Of Fuel Cell Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-oriented model of fuel processor for hydrogen generation in fuel cell applications

Pukrushpan

Stefanopoulou

Varigonda³

et al. 2006

Control Engineering Practice

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A control-oriented dynamic model of a catalytic partial oxidation-based fuel processor is developed using physicsbased principles. The Fuel Processor System (FPS) converts a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen (H 2 ) rich mixture that is directly feed to the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack (PEM-FCS). Cost and performance requirements of the total powerplant typically lead to highly integrated designs and stringent control objectives. Physics based component models are extremely useful in understanding the system level interactions, implications on system performance and in model-based controller design. The model can be used in a multivariable analysis to determine characteristics of the system that might limit performance of a controller or a control design.In this paper, control theoretic tools such as the relative gain array (RGA) and the observability gramian are employed to guide the control design for a FPS combined with a PEM-FC. For example this simple multivariable analysis suggests that a decrease in HDS volume is critical for the hydrogen starvation control. Moreover, RGA analysis shows different level of coupling between the system dynamics at different power levels. Finally, the observability analysis can help in assessing the relative cost-benefit ratio in adding extra sensors in the system.

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A Nonlinear Observer Design for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Estimation

Cited by 85 publications

References 13 publications

Nonlinear observation in fuel cell systems: A comparison between disturbance estimation and High-Order Sliding-Mode techniques

Nonlinear observation in fuel cell systems: A comparison between disturbance estimation and High-Order Sliding-Mode techniques

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell control with feed-forward and feedback strategy

Control-oriented model of fuel processor for hydrogen generation in fuel cell applications

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