A Normative Data Set for the Clinical Assessment of Achromatic and Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity Using a <i>qCSF</i> Approach

Kim, Yeon Jin; Reynaud, Alexandre; Hess, Robert F.; Mullen, Kathy T.

doi:10.1167/iovs.17-21645

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Red-green and yellow-violet modulations, on the other hand, resulted in a low-pass contrast sensitivity curves at all light levels, with the peak sensitivity occurring at the lowest spatial frequency measured (0.5 cpd). Sensitivity was higher for the red-green stimuli than for the achromatic modulation when expressed as the inverse of the cone contrast, which is consistent with Kim et al (2017).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The contrast sensitivity function for chromatic modulations has been studied to a lesser degree, with some notable exceptions (Green, 1968;Cropper, 1998;Andrews & Pollen, 1979;Granger & Heurtley, 1973;van der Horst & Bouman, 1969;Kim et al, 2017;McKeefry et al, 2001;Swanson, 1996;Valero et al, 2004;Lucassen et al, 2018). The most extensive set of chromatic contrast sensitivity measurements comes from Mullen (1985) and Anderson et al (1991), who have assessed the contrast sensitivity for isoluminant red-green and S-cone isolating (lime-violet) gratings with individually adjusted isoluminance points to isolate chromatic channels and silence the luminance-driven mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-chromatic contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic light levels

et al. 2020

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Contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) characterize the sensitivity of the human visual system at different spatial scales, but little is known as to how contrast sensitivity for achromatic and chromatic stimuli changes from a mesopic to a highly photopic range reflecting outdoor illumination levels. The purpose of our study was to further characterize the CSF by measuring both achromatic and chromatic sensitivities for background luminance levels from 0.02 cd/m 2 to 7,000 cd/m 2. Stimuli consisted of Gabor patches of different spatial frequencies and angular sizes, varying from 0.125 to 6 cpd, which were displayed on a custom high dynamic range (HDR) display with luminance levels up to 15,000 cd/m 2. Contrast sensitivity was measured in three directions in color space, an achromatic direction, an isoluminant "red-green" direction, and an Scone isolating "yellow-violet" direction, selected to isolate the luminance, L/M-cone opponent, and Scone opponent pathways, respectively, of the early postreceptoral processing stages. Within each session, observers were fully adapted to the fixed background luminance (0.02, 2, 20, 200, 2,000, or 7,000 cd/m 2). Our main finding is that the background luminance has a differential effect on achromatic contrast sensitivity compared to chromatic contrast sensitivity. The achromatic contrast sensitivity increases with higher background luminance up to 200 cd/m 2 and then shows a sharp decline when background luminance is increased further. In contrast, the chromatic sensitivity curves do not show a significant sensitivity drop at higher luminance levels. We present a computational luminance-dependent model that predicts the CSF for achromatic and chromatic stimuli of arbitrary size.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-chromatic contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic light levels

et al. 2020

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“…Within each panel, the solid line is the amplitude spectrum for the classification image at edge scale r e ¼ 0.11258, the dotted line for 0.2258, and the dashed line 0.458. The shaded areas plot the human CSF, scaled by eye, for comparison, from Kim et al, (2017).…”

Section: Classification Images and Receptive Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, a system for processing shape and form in color vision would appear to be very useful for exploiting the chromatic object boundary information in the visual scene. Its existence, however, was initially doubted, because of the psychophysical low-pass, low acuity color contrast sensitivity function (CSF; Kim, Reynaud, Hess, & Mullen, 2017;Mullen, 1985), which is not indicative of edge detectors, and physiological reports of a lack of orientation tuning for color in the Citation: McIlhagga, W., & Mullen, K. T. (2018). Evidence for chromatic edge detectors in human vision using classification images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for chromatic edge detectors in human vision using classification images

McIlhagga

Mullen

2018

Journal of Vision

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Edge detection plays an important role in human vision, and although it is clear that there are luminance edge detectors, it is not known whether there are chromatic edge detectors as well. We showed observers a horizontal edge blurred by a Gaussian filter (with widths of σ = 0.1125, 0.225, or 0.45°) embedded in blurred Brown noise. Observers had to choose which of two stimuli contained the edge. Brown noise was used in preference to white noise to reveal localized edge detectors. Edges and noise were defined by either luminance or chromatic contrast (isoluminant L/M and S-cone opponent). Classification image analysis was applied to observer responses. In this analysis, the random components of the stimulus are correlated with observer responses to reveal a template that shows how observers weighted different parts of the stimulus to arrive at their decision. We found classification images for both luminance and isoluminant chromatic stimuli that had shapes very similar to derivatives of Gaussian filters. The widths of these classification images tracked the widths of the edges, but the chromatic edge classification images were wider than the luminance ones. These results are consistent with edge detection filters sensitive to luminance contrast and isoluminant chromatic contrast.

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“…Although recording contrast thresholds at a range of spatial frequencies requires longer examination time than measuring BCVA, it has been included into the visual examination routine by using traditional chart tests 29 and, more recently, computerized tests. 30 The purpose of this study was to measure dichoptic spatial achromatic contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in stereonormal (control) subjects and stereoanomalous or stereoblind amblyopic patients and compare the results with the monocular measurements of both dominant and nondominant eyes using identical visual stimulation. Traditionally, monocular tests to measure visual acuity and contrast sensitivity are used to verify possible interocular differences in normal and diseased eyes, as well as to study the effects of binocular summation comparing monocular versus binocular thresholds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dichoptic Spatial Contrast Sensitivity Reflects Binocular Balance in Normal and Stereoanomalous Subjects

Barboni

Maneschg

Németh

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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To study binocular balance by comparing dichoptic and standard monocular contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in stereonormal and stereoanomalous/stereoblind amblyopic subjects. METHODS. Sixteen amblyopes and 17 controls participated. Using the capability of the passive three-dimensional display, we measured their CSF both monocularly and dichoptically at spatial frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 cpds using achromatic Gabor patches on a luminance noise background. During monocular stimulation, the untested eye was covered, while for the dichoptic stimulation the untested eye viewed background noise. Dichoptic CSF of both eyes was acquired within one block. RESULTS. In patients with central fixation, dichoptic viewing had a large negative impact on the CSF of the amblyopic eye, although it hardly affected that of the dominant eye. In contrast, dichoptic viewing had a small but significant effect on both eyes for controls. In addition, all participants lay along a continuum in terms of how much their two eyes were affected by dichoptic stimulation: by using two predefined contrast sensitivity ratios, namely, amblyopic sensitivity decrement and dichoptic sensitivity decrement, not only did we find a significant correlation between these variables among all participants, but also the two groups were identified with minimum error using a cluster analysis. CONCLUSIONS. Dichoptic CSF may be considered to measure visual performance in patients with altered binocular vision, because it better reflects the visual capacity of the amblyopic eye than the standard monocular examinations. It may also be a more reliable parameter to assess the efficacy of modern approaches to treat amblyopia.

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A Normative Data Set for the Clinical Assessment of Achromatic and Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity Using a qCSF Approach

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Spatio-chromatic contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic light levels

Spatio-chromatic contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic light levels

Evidence for chromatic edge detectors in human vision using classification images

Dichoptic Spatial Contrast Sensitivity Reflects Binocular Balance in Normal and Stereoanomalous Subjects

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