A normative study of the repeatable cognitive-perceptual-motor battery

Lewis, Ronald; Kelland, D. Z.; Kupke, Thomas

doi:10.1093/arclin/5.2.187

Cited by 71 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…The nonmemory domains were: Attention, as defined by digit span, 14 visual span, 14 and auditory detection 15 ; Language, as defined by modified Boston naming 16 and category fluency 17 (animals and food subtasks); Visuomotor speed, as defined by symbol digit modality test, 18 digit cancellation, 19 and maze ask 20 ; and Visuoconstruction, as defined by Weschler Memory Scale-Revised 14 visual reproduction copy task, clock drawing, 21 and Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised 22 subtest of block design.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Test Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prognostic Effects of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment No Dementia and Domain-Specific Cognitive Impairments in Nondisabled Ischemic Stroke Patients

Narasimhalu

Ang

Silva

et al. 2011

Stroke

106

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Background and Purpose-There is some evidence that poststroke dementia, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), and mild cognitive impairment predict for poor outcomes such as dementia, death, and institutionalization. However, few studies have examined the prognostic value of CIND, CIND severity, and domain impairments in a poststroke cohort. Methods-A cohort of ischemic stroke patients with baseline cognitive assessments 3 months poststroke were followed up annually for outcomes of dependency, vascular events, and death for up to 5 years. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression was performed to determine the ability CIND, CIND severity, and domain impairments to predict dependency, vascular outcomes, and death. Results-Four-hundred nineteen patients without dementia (mean age 60Ϯ11 years, 32% female) were followed for a mean of 3.2 years. Older age, diabetes, more severe strokes, CIND-mild, and CIND-moderate were independently predictive of dependency. There were no independent predictors of recurrent vascular events. Older age, diabetes, and CIND-moderate were independently predictive of death. In analyses of individual cognitive domains, impairments in visuomotor speed were independently predictive of dependency. Conclusions-In poststroke patients, CIND predicts dependency and death, while CIND severity discriminates patients with poor survival. Impairments in visuomotor speed independently predict dependency. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT00161070.(Stroke. 2011;42:883-888.)Key Words: dementia Ⅲ stroke Ⅲ mild cognitive impairment Ⅲ cognitive impairment no dementia D ementia, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have become increasingly prevalent in aging populations. CIND is a broad concept that has been used to define impairments in any objective cognitive domain in neuropsychological testing in the absence of dementia. 1 In community-based studies, CIND has been shown to predict for dementia, death, and institutionalization. 2 One study found that poststroke CIND is a negative predictor of survival. 3 Studies have also shown that poststroke dementia (PSD) increases the risk of recurrent vascular events. 4,5 However, no studies to date have examined the effect of CIND on poststroke recurrent vascular events or dependency. We hypothesize that CIND is associated with dependency, recurrent vascular events, and death following ischemic stroke.In a previous study from this cohort, 6 we have shown that CIND severity predicts incident dementia; CIND-mild patients shared a similar risk profile with patients with no cognitive impairment (NCI), and CIND-moderate patients experienced a 6-fold increase in the risk of incident dementia. Because PSD has been associated with recurrent vascular events 4 and death, 7 we hypothesize that a similar association may exist with CIND severity and outcomes after stroke.Previous studies that have examined the prognostic abilities of domain-specific impairments have found tha...

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Section: Neuropsychological Test Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prognostic Effects of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment No Dementia and Domain-Specific Cognitive Impairments in Nondisabled Ischemic Stroke Patients

Narasimhalu

Ang

Silva

et al. 2011

Stroke

106

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“…Global Cognitive Functioning (14 Measures): Verbal/Crystallized Knowledge: (2 measures) WAIS-R Vocabulary subtest (Wechsler, 1981); and Boston Naming Test (Total correct) (Kaplan et al, 1983); Attention/Working Memory (2 measures): WAIS-R Digit Span subtest (Wechsler, 1981); and Digit Vigilance (Time) (Lewis and Rennick, 1979); Verbal Memory (2 measures): Story Memory Test (Learning Score and Delayed Recall) (Heaton et al, 1991); and California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (Trials 1 through 5; Long delay free recall) (Delis et al, 1987); Visual Memory (1 measure): Figure Memory Test (Learning Score and Delayed Recall) (Heaton et al, 1991); Speed of Information Processing (5 measures): WAIS-R Digit Symbol-Coding subtest, Trailmaking Test Parts A and B (Time) (Heaton et al, 1991); Letter Fluency (Total correct) (Heaton et al, 1991); and Grooved Pegboard (Time in non-dominant hand) (Matthews and Klove, 1964); Reasoning/Problem Solving (2 Measures): WAIS-R Block Design; and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Preservative Errors) (Heaton et al, 1993).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults with bipolar disorder: Comparison to schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects

Depp¹,

Moore²,

Sitzer³

et al. 2007

Journal of Affective Disorders

112

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“…Digit Vigilance, Recurrent Words (% hits), Elithorn Maze completion time, and Grooved Pegboard insertion time will be performed [48][49][50][51]. Such tests, characterized as tests of attention (former two) and psychomotor speed, showed impairment in previous smaller studies examining effects of statins and constitute, together, the primary outcome [22,23,52].…”

Section: Cognitive Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The UCSD Statin Study: a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on selected noncardiac outcomes

Golomb

Criqui

White

et al. 2004

Controlled Clinical Trials

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There has been persistent controversy regarding possible favorable or adverse effects of statins or of cholesterol reduction on cognition, mood and behavior (including aggressive or violent behavior), muscle function, and quality of life. The UCSD Statin Study seeks to ascertain the beneficial or adverse effects of statin cholesterol-lowering drugs on a set of noncardiac endpoints, including cognition, behavior, and serotonin biochemistry. The study will enroll 1000 subjects (minimum 20% female) of mixed ethnicity from San Diego. Subjects must be age 20 and older, postmenopausal if female, without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and with LDLcholesterol between 115 and 190 mg/dl. Subjects will be randomized to a double-blind, placebocontrolled trial with assignment 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 to placebo, simvastatin 20 mg, or pravastatin 40 mg (equipotent LDL-cholesterol-lowering doses for drug arms with simvastatin and pravastatin chosen to represent the extremes of the lipophilicity spectrum) for 6 months of treatment followed by 2 months postcessation follow-up. Primary outcomes are cognition (cognitive battery), irritability/aggression (behavior measure), and serotonin (gauged by whole blood serotonin), assessed as the difference between baseline and 6 months, judging combined statin groups vs. placebo. Secondary outcomes include mood (CES-D and Wakefield depression inventory), quality of life (SF-12V), sleep (Leeds sleep scale, modified), and secondary aggression measures (Conflict Tactics Scale; Overt Aggression Scale, Modified). Cardiovascular reactivity will be examined in a 10% subset. As additional secondary endpoints, primary and selected secondary outcomes will be assessed by statin assignment (lipophilic simvastatin vs. hydrophilic pravastatin). "Reversibility" of changes, if any, at 2 months postcessation will be determined. If effects (favorable or unfavorable) are identified, we will seek to ascertain whether there are baseline variables that predict who will be most susceptible to these favorable or adverse noncardiac effects (i.e., effect modification). NIH Public Access BackgroundStatins are important and widely prescribed drugs, with well-documented and incontrovertible cardiac benefits. However, controversy remains regarding the existence and impact of noncardiac effects, including central nervous system (CNS) effects. The University of California-San Diego (UCSD) Statin Study, a National Institutes of Health/ National Heart Lung and Blood Institute-funded double-blind, placebo-controlled study, seeks to address these issues through a complex battery of tests assessing noncardiac outcomes pertaining to cognition, behavior, quality of life, and biochemistry, among other endpoints. This paper provides the general methodology employed and addresses certain theoretical issues in study design.Statin cholesterol-lowering drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are the most prescribed drugs in the United States and the world and contributed substantially to prescription drug cost increases in 200...

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A normative study of the repeatable cognitive-perceptual-motor battery

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

The Prognostic Effects of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment No Dementia and Domain-Specific Cognitive Impairments in Nondisabled Ischemic Stroke Patients

The Prognostic Effects of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment No Dementia and Domain-Specific Cognitive Impairments in Nondisabled Ischemic Stroke Patients

Neurocognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults with bipolar disorder: Comparison to schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects

The UCSD Statin Study: a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on selected noncardiac outcomes

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