Let X be a complex Banach space, and let L(X) be the space of bounded operators on X. Given T ∈ L(X) and x ∈ X, denote by σT (x) the local spectrum of T at x.We prove that if Φ : L(X) → L(X) is an additive map such thatthen Φ(T ) = T for all T ∈ L(X). We also investigate several extensions of this result to the case of Φ :The proof is based on elementary considerations in local spectral theory, together with the following local identity principle: given S, T ∈ L(X) andx ∈ X, if σS+R(x) = σT +R (x) for all rank one operators R ∈ L(X), then Sx = T x.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). Primary 47A11; Secondary 47A10, 47B48.