A note on reviving the Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF) dataset

Shie, Chung‐Lin; Chiu, Long S.; Adler, Robert F.; Nelkin, Eric; Lin, I. I.; Xie, Pingping; Wang, Feng-Chin; Chokngamwong, Roongroj; Olson, William S.; Chu, D. A.

doi:10.1007/s00376-009-8138-z

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In particular, very cloudy or rainy conditions make accurate retrievals of the near-surface wind speed more difficult using SSM/I-based observations ). As noted in Shie et al (2009), the GSSTF2 product has regional biases, but it is consistent with patterns of atmospheric seasonal variability and provides a realistic representation of the surface heat fluxes.…”

Section: Gsstf2bmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…A review of the bulk flux model and determination of the near-surface variables can be found in Chou et al (2003). Updates to the GSSTF2 for the GSSTF2b product can be found in Shie et al (2009). The SSM/I version 4 wind speeds of Wentz (1997) were used in GSSTF2; GSSTF2b uses version 6 SSM/I wind speeds, and brightness temperatures are used in conjunction with estimates of specific humidity following Chou et al (1995).…”

Section: Gsstf2bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Flux (GSSTF2b; Shie et al 2009) product is also used in this study. The GSSTF2b product is a follow-on product to the original GSSTF2 product that was developed originally to cover the period 1987-2000 (Chou et al 2003).…”

Section: Gsstf2bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Exchange between the Atmosphere and Ocean in MERRA

et al. 2012

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The recently produced Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA; Rienecker et al. 2011) provides a high-resolution dataset that can be used to examine components of the Earth's surface energy and water balance. Latent and sensible heat exchanges between the ocean and atmosphere are fundamental components of these balances and are the focus of this study. The primary objectives are to characterize the MERRA surface energy fluxes with respect to their:1. Accuracy against direct measurements; 2. Large scale spatio-temporal variability and representation of extremes; 3. Connection to forcing by the data assimilation system. Summary Points1. MERRA produces estimates of the turbulent fluxes that agree very well with observational estimates for average conditions; however, it is distinct in amplitude with a particularly weak representation of the surface heat fluxes over the western boundary currents and in conditions of very weak and very strong near-surface stratification. A weaker covariability between wind speed and temperature/moisture stratification than observed exists.1. MERRA has slightly weaker seasonal variability of the latent and sensible heat fluxes compared to an observational ensemble estimate. It tends to under-represents the occurrence of strong, episodic events compared with observations in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes.1. Data assimilation, as expected, tends to drive the analysis closer to the observational ensemble; the impact on near-surface variables contains a systematic response to the changing observing system and could introduce artificial trends into the analysis. Observational DatabaseHigh-quality, direct in situ measurements of the turbulent latent and sensible heat fluxes and near-surface variables serve as a standard against which the veracity of turbulent flux products are compared. The SEAFLUX (Curry et al. 2004) program has compiled a large dataset of these measurements and are utilized in this study for validation purposes. The spatial and temporal distribution of these observations are characterized below ( Fig. 1). Evaluating Large Scale VariabilityValidating surface heat flux estimates at large spatial and temporal scales relies on intercomparisons between multiple estimates and the use of physically based constraints. Further support is provided through the use of local or regional comparisons to direct observations. This study makes use of three additional products to characterize the large scale variability of the MERRA surface turbulent fluxes. These products and their primary data sources are: The ensemble mean of these products is used to characterize the annual mean (Fig. 3, right) estimate from MERRA. The differences between MERRA and observationally-based estimates show that MERRA captures the major patterns; however MERRA tends to underestimate the latent and sensible heat flux over the western boundary currents by 50Wm -2 and 15Wm -2 , respectively. There are outside the range (hatching) of any of the available observationally-base...

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Section: Gsstf2bmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Gsstf2bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Exchange between the Atmosphere and Ocean in MERRA

et al. 2012

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“…2. The change in the simulated surface winds is most apparent in the Southern Hemisphere, where the Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF; Shie et al, 2009) surface winds, seen in Fig. 2b, show values near 8 m s −1 , experiment 1 (Fig.…”

Section: Ocean Surface Windsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: evolution from MERRA to MERRA2

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA2) version of the Goddard Earth Observing System-5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is currently in use in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at a wide range of resolutions for a variety of applications. Details of the changes in parameterizations subsequent to the version in the original MERRA reanalysis are presented here. Results of a series of atmosphere-only sensitivity studies are shown to demonstrate changes in simulated climate associated with specific changes in physical parameterizations, and the impact of the newly implemented resolution-aware behavior on simulations at different resolutions is demonstrated. The GEOS-5 AGCM presented here is the model used as part of the GMAO MERRA2 reanalysis, global mesoscale simulations at 10 km resolution through 1.5 km resolution, the real-time numerical weather prediction system, and for atmosphere-only, coupled ocean-atmosphere and coupled atmosphere-chemistry simulations.The seasonal mean climate of the MERRA2 version of the GEOS-5 AGCM represents a substantial improvement over the simulated climate of the MERRA version at all resolutions and for all applications. Fundamental improvements in simulated climate are associated with the increased reevaporation of frozen precipitation and cloud condensate, resulting in a wetter atmosphere. Improvements in simulated climate are also shown to be attributable to changes in the background gravity wave drag, and to upgrades in the relationship between the ocean surface stress and the ocean roughness. The series of resolution-aware parameters related to the moist physics was shown to result in improvements at higher resolutions and result in AGCM simulations that exhibit seamless behavior across different resolutions and applications.

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“…The major limitations of satellite-based flux products for tropical cyclone studies are their relatively coarse spatial and temporal resolution or limited coverage. Highresolution (0.25 ) ocean surface turbulent flux data sets aimed at the regional to hurricane scales have been or are being produced (Shie et al 2009;Liu et al 2011). From these new data sets, improved understanding of the dynamics of air-sea interactions at global to regional scales will emerge, and their impact on operational applications and climate studies will soon be realized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Satellite-Based Ocean Surface Turbulent Fluxes

Chiu

Shie

2013

Satellite-Based Applications on Climate Change

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Ocean surface turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, and water vapor respond to and determine the coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean and are excellent indicators of air-sea interactions at most temporal and spatial scales. These fluxes can be determined from bulk properties at the sea surface. By combining satellite observations of bulk properties such as sea surface temperature, wind, and humidity, estimates of these fluxes are available globally. The bulk aerodynamic formulations of these fluxes are first reviewed. Satellite retrieval techniques of these bulk properties and operational or semi-operational ocean surface flux products such as the Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Observations (HOAPS), the Japanese Oceanic Fluxes with the Use of Remote Observations (J-OFURO), and the US NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Satellite-Based Sea Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF), as well as merged approach of the Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes for the global ocean (OAFlux) are described, and their error and uncertainties are briefly discussed.

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A note on reviving the Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF) dataset

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Characterization of Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Exchange between the Atmosphere and Ocean in MERRA

Characterization of Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Exchange between the Atmosphere and Ocean in MERRA

Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: evolution from MERRA to MERRA2

Satellite-Based Ocean Surface Turbulent Fluxes

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