“…For γ ∈ Γ, let tr γ : R(Γ, SO 0 (4, 1)) → R denote the trace function. Since tr γ is constant on orbits by conjugation, d tr γ : Z 1 (Γ, so(4, 1)) → R vanishes on B 1 (Γ, so(4, 1)), and it induces a linear map, d tr γ : H 1 (Γ, so(4, 1)) → R. (See also [1] for properties of the trace function) Lemma 3.9. For a representation ρ : Γ → SO 0 (3, 1) ⊂ SO 0 (4, 1), it holds…”