A note on the effect of dietary proportions of kale (Brassica oleracea) and grass silage on rumen pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations in dry dairy cows

Keogh, B.; French, P.; Murphy, John J.; Mee, JF; McGrath, Tim; Storey, T.; Grant, Jim; Mulligan, F.J.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.06.010

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Lower fiber diets tend to have higher rates of digestion and acid production, thereby decreasing ruminal pH (van Soest, 1994); however, lack of differences in pH suggest that fiber differences between the diets were not great enough to exceed the buffering capacity of the system. Keogh et al (2009) reported that pregnant, nonlactating dairy cows fed 60% forage kale had a mean ruminal pH of 6.32, similar to the mean pH of the brassica diets in the current study. However, ruminal pH of lambs fed 100% forage rapeseed was lower than that of lambs fed 100% perennial ryegrass (6.02 and 6.71, respectively; Sun et al, 2015), likely due to less effective fiber in the 100% rapeseed diet.…”

Section: Fermentor Ph Vfa and Ch 4 Productionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Sun et al (2012) reported that total VFA concentrations after feeding were greater in rapeseed and turnip than perennial ryegrass (97.0 and 74.2 mol/100 mol, respectively). Keogh et al (2009) found that the A:P ratio of pregnant, nonlactating dairy cows consuming 60% kale and 40% perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) silage was not different than cows consuming 100% perennial ryegrass silage. However, total VFA concentrations were Within a row, means without a common superscript differ (P ≤ 0.05).…”

Section: Fermentor Ph Vfa and Ch 4 Productionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Enteric methane production and ruminal fermentation of forage brassica diets fed in continuous culture1

Dillard

Roca-Fernández

Rubano

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of the current study was to determine nutrient digestibility, VFA production, N metabolism, and CH4 production of canola (Brassica napus L.), rapeseed (B. napus L.), turnip (Brassica rapa L.), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) fed with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in continuous culture. Diets were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 Latin square design using 7 d for adaptation and 3 d for collection. Diets were: 1) 50% orchardgrass + 50% annual ryegrass (ARG); 2) 50% orchardgrass + 50% canola (CAN); 3) 50% orchardgrass + 50% rapeseed (RAP); and 4) 50% orchardgrass + 50% turnip (TUR). Feedings (82 g DM/d) occurred four times daily throughout 4, 10-d periods at 730, 1030, 1400, and 1900 h. Methane samples were collected every 10 min using a photoacoustic gas analyzer (LumaSense Technologies, Inc.; Santa Clara, CA) during the last 3 d of the experiment. Effluent samples were collected on d 8, 9, and 10, composited by fermentor, and analyzed for VFA and pH as well as DM, OM, CP, and fiber fractions for determination of nutrient digestibility. Forage samples were analyzed for CP, NDF, ADF, minerals, and glucosinolate (GLS) concentrations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Apparent DM, OM, and NDF digestibilities and true DM and OM digestibilities were similar (P > 0.28) among diets (45.1, 63.2, 44.1, 67.1, and 87.2%, respectively). Total VFA (87.2 mol/100 mol), pH (6.47), and acetate (A: 44.6 mol/100 mol) were also not different (P > 0.20) among diets. The A:P (P = propionate) ratio was greater (P < 0.01) in ARG and CAN than RAP and TUR. Daily CH4 production was greater (P < 0.01) in ARG than all other diets (68.9 vs. 11.2 mg/d). Methane, whether expressed as g per g of OM, NDF, digestible OM, or digestible NDF fed was greatest (P < 0.01) in ARG but similar (P > 0.18) among brassica diets. A significant negative correlation was observed between total GLS and CH4 production. However, when multiple regression analysis on CH4 production was completed, neither total GLS nor individual GLS were a significant component of the model. Addition of brassicas provided similar nutrient digestibility to ARG while reducing daily CH4 production, potentially making brassicas an alternative for ARG in pasture-based ruminant diets.

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Section: Fermentor Ph Vfa and Ch 4 Productionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Fermentor Ph Vfa and Ch 4 Productionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Enteric methane production and ruminal fermentation of forage brassica diets fed in continuous culture1

Dillard

Roca-Fernández

Rubano

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Although mean ruminal Table 5 Effect of rape and turnip supplementation in the diet of lactating cows on blood health parameters (least square mean values ± standard error of the mean) pH was lower for cows supplemented with ST compared to the other dietary treatments, ruminal pH values were below 6.0 for 258 min per day but did not reach values below 5.8 at any time of the day, and therefore the risk of subclinical acidosis was considered minimal based on the accepted guidelines (Krause and Oetzel, 2006). This is in agreement with Keogh et al (2009b) who found that when feeding 100% kale to pregnant dry dairy cows found that ruminal pH was not depressed below pH 6.1. The authors attributed this to the large bulk density of forage kale resulting in high levels of saliva production, thus buffering rumen pH which is similar to what was observed in this study In contrast to our results, Sun et al (2012) reported no differences in tSCFA and molar proportions of individual SCFAs in the rumen of sheep fed ST or FR.…”

Section: Rumen Functionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Secondary compounds in brassicas, such as glucosinolates and SMCO, can produce nutritional and health disorders (Keogh et al, 2009b). For example, Coxganser et al (1994) observed increased Heinz-Ehrlich body counts on RBCs (which are associated with anaemia and depressed DMI), lower PCV and altered thyroid function in lambs grazing brassicas.…”

Section: Haematological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production responses and rumen fermentation of dairy cows supplemented with summer brassicas

Castillo-Umaña

Balocchi

Pulido

et al. 2020

Animal

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Forage brassicas, such as summer turnip (ST; Brassica rapa) and forage rape (FR; Brassica napus), are used as supplementary crops during summer. However, studies with lactating dairy cows fed these forages are limited and report inconsistent productive responses. The aim of this study was to determine dry matter intake, rumen fermentation and milk production responses of dairy cows in mid-lactation supplemented with and without summer (‘ST’ or ‘FR’) brassicas. Twelve multiparous lactating dairy cows were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design balanced for residual effects over three 21-day periods. The control diet consisted of 16.2 kg DM of grass silage, 2.25 kg DM of commercial concentrate and 2.25 kg DM solvent-extracted soybean meal. For the other two dietary treatments, 25% of the amounts of silage and concentrates were replaced with FR or ST. The inclusion of forage brassicas had no effects on milk production (24.2 kg cow/day average) and composition (average milk fat and protein 43.2 and 33.6 g/l, respectively). Dry matter intake was 0.98 kg and 1.12 kg lower for cows supplemented with FR and ST, respectively, resulting in a greater feed conversion efficiency (1.35 kg milk/kg DM for ST and FR v. 1.27 kg milk/kg DM for the control diet). Intraruminal pH was lower for cows supplemented with ST compared to the control diet; however, it did not decrease below pH 5.8 at any time of the day. After feeding, the concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in rumen contents increased with ST supplementation compared to the control diet. Inclusion of FR in the diet increased the molar proportion of acetate (68.5 mmol/100 mmol) in total SCFA at the expense of propionate, measured 6 h after feeding of the forage. The molar proportion of butyric acid was greater with ST and FR supplementation (13.1 and 12 mmol/100 mmol, respectively) than in control cows. The estimated microbial nitrogen (N) flow was 89.1 g/day greater when supplementing FR compared to the control diet. Based on the haematological measures, the inclusion of summer brassica forages did not affect the health status of the animals. These results indicate that mid-lactation dairy cows fed brassicas are able to maintain production despite the reduced intake, probably due to improved rumen fermentation and therefore nutrient utilization.

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“…Dietary addition of BBWS had no adverse effects on ruminal metabolism. It was noted by Keogh et al (2009) that replacing grass silage with fresh kale ( Brassica oleracea ) had no effect on the ruminal pH of dry dairy cows (mean pH = 6.2). In contrast, feeding fresh brassica forage ( Brassica spp .)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage as a feed resource for fattening lambs1

Partovi

Rouzbehan

Fazaeli

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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The effect of feeding broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage (BBWS) (69:31 ratio, DM basis) on performance, microbial N synthesis (MNS), rumen and blood parameters in Fashandy lambs were evaluated. Three diets, with equal metabolisable energy and crude protein (CP) with a forage to concentrate ratio of 27:73 (DM basis), were formulated in which forage (lucerne and wheat straw) was replaced by BBWS (0, 100, or 200 g/kg of diet DM). These were assigned to 3 groups (n = 15/group) in a completely randomized block design for a 70-d period in which diets were offered as a total mixed ration. For each animal, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), in vivo apparent digestibility, MNS, N retention, rumen and blood parameters were measured. The BBWS diets had no influence on DMI, ADG, and feed conversion efficiency, in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, and ash-free NDF. Neither MNS and N retention nor serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, creatinine, cholesterol, urea N, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total protein, albumin, and globulin were affected. Rumen pH, NH3-N, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, the ratio of acetic to propionic acid, and protozoa numbers were, also, not influenced. In summary, BBWS may be fed to Fashandy lambs up to 200 g/kg of diet DM without any adverse impacts on growth performance.

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A note on the effect of dietary proportions of kale (Brassica oleracea) and grass silage on rumen pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations in dry dairy cows

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Enteric methane production and ruminal fermentation of forage brassica diets fed in continuous culture1

Enteric methane production and ruminal fermentation of forage brassica diets fed in continuous culture1

Milk production responses and rumen fermentation of dairy cows supplemented with summer brassicas

Broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage as a feed resource for fattening lambs1

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