A note on the in sacco dry matter degradability of variously processed maize grains and of different maize varieties in sheep

Flachowsky, Gerhard; Baldeweg, P.; Schein, G.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(92)90039-9

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…(Kellems and Church, 2002), very less information has been available about the difference of starch digestion characteristics among different types of maize gains within only one cereal breed. Our result was consistent with the observation of Flachowsky et al (1992), and coincidence to the starch content and gelatinization discussed above. The lower DM and starch digestibility in vitro of HOM and HPM relative to HYM may be improved through some grain processing, e.g., steam-fl aking in practice.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Comparison of chemical composition, starch gelatinization and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation characteristics of different types of maize grains

Qiao¹,

Yao²,

Lin³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Three types of maize grains from high yield maize (HYM), high protein maize (HPM) and high oil maize (HOM) were used in the present study to compare their chemical compositions, starch gelatinization and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics based on chemical analysis and the in vitro gas production method. The results showed that the type of maize had signifi cant effect (P<0.05) on the contents of CP, ether extract and starch, starch gelatinization, 48-h gas production, rumen fermentation rate, potential gas production, 12-h and 24-h in vitro ruminal digestibilities of dry matter and starch. Of three types of maize grains, HYM had better merits than HOM and HPM in most energy traits, though almost all in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters including pH, NH 3 -N, VFA concentration and molar percentages of individual VFA were not signifi cantly different (P>0.05) among maize types. It was concluded that compared with other two types of maize grains, high yield maize hybrid showed a great potential to be used as energy feed source of ruminant animals.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Comparison of chemical composition, starch gelatinization and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation characteristics of different types of maize grains

Qiao¹,

Yao²,

Lin³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Based upon in sacco data obtained in Experiment 3, it appears that Lehmann lovegrass seed is resistant to ruminal digestion with 16% disappearance at 120 hours. In contrast, in sacco dry matter disappearance for a low quality mature forage is 39% (5.9% crude protein, King et al 1995), and 29% for disappearance of whole corn incubated in sheep on a roughage diet (Flachowsky et al 1992). This indicates that whole seeds from graminoids are resistant to ruminal digestion and that Lehmann lovegrass seed is more resistant than corn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ruminant Digestion on Germination of Lehmann Love-Grass Seed

Fredrickson¹,

Estell²,

Havstad³

et al. 1997

Journal of Range Management

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Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) seed (germination 96 % , dormant 0 %) was used in 4 experiments to study the potential of sheep as a dispersal agent. Five, 4-year-old, ruminally cannulated wethers were used to examine effects of ruminant digestion on seed recovery and germination. All wethers were ruminally evacuated, and rumens were cleansed and reinoculated with strained ruminal fluid. After a 21-day adaptation to pelleted alfalfa, 4 experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was designed to test viability of Lehmann lovegrass seeds exposed to ruminal and postruminal digestion. Lehmann lovegrass seed (10 g) was dosed intra-ruminally via ruminal fistula, and total fecal collections made. Of the viable seed ruminally dosed, 37% germinated within 21 days after recovery. Also, 98 to 100% of the seed that germinated was recovered within 72 hours of dosing. Experiment 2 was designed to test the influence of ruminal microbial digestion on seed degradation and viability, using in sacco nylon bag techniques. In sacco dry matter disappearance increased linearly from 5.5 % at 3 hours of incubation to 16% at 120 hours. Germination of seed was not greatly affected until after 72 hours of ruminal incubation. Experiment 3 was designed to examine the effect of mastication on viability of Lehmann lovegrass seeds. Seeds were mixed with seed-free Lehmann lovegrass straw in a proportion of 1 to 10 (seed to straw) and 10 g fed to each wether. Boli were recovered manually via ruminal fistula. Thirty five percent of the seed fed entered the rumen without damage due to mastication. Experiment 4 compared in vitro techniques and in sacco techniques used to estimate the effect of digestion on seed viability. In vitro incubation techniques yielded similar results as in sacco techniques. We conclude that ruminants are potential disseminating agents of Lehmann lovegrass seed.

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“…However, there are some data indicating that, despite relatively constant whole tract digestibility, maize hybrids can vary widely as to the site of grain digestion. Flachowsky et al [16] reported that dry matter degradability of the maize grain after six-hour incubation in the rumen varied between 35.2% and 56.9%. A few years later, differences between hybrids were attributed to the type of grain, with the dent grain being degraded in the rumen more extensively than the flint type [35,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dent versus flint maize genotype on site and the extent of starch and protein digestion, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep

et al. 2005

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-Ruminal and whole tract digestibility of protein and starch, microbial protein yield in the rumen and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen fluid and faeces were determined in sheep that were given either maize silage derived from the dent (DTS) or flint type hybrid (FTS). Degradabilities in the rumen were determined by means of the in sacco method using three sheep and microbial protein yield in the rumen by means of urinary purine derivative excretion using four sheep. The extent of starch and protein degradation was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in FTS than in DTS (718 vs. 913 and 704 vs. 767 g·kg -1 respectively). Differences in whole tract starch and protein digestibility were small (986 vs. 997, P < 0.01 and 939 vs. 931 g·kg -1 , P < 0.05 in FTS and DTS respectively). The concentration of VFA in the rumen fluid was not affected by the type of silage (94.5 and 94.7 mmol·L -1 ); however, FTS induced a higher molar proportion of propionate (22.6% vs. 20.7%, P < 0.05) than DTS. The proportion of butyrate was higher in DTS (13.5% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.05). Microbial protein supply in FTS was significantly higher than in DTS (109.7 vs. 96.0 g·kg -1 DM intake, P < 0.05). When expressed in relation to fermentable organic matter (FOM) intake, the differences between hybrids were greater (215.6 vs. 158.6 g of microbial protein per kg FOM, P < 0.01). Lower efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in DTS was probably due to a lower pH value of rumen liquor (6.21 vs. 6.33, P < 0.05). FTS offered better conditions for the degradation of the fibre fraction in the rumen than DTS. The faeces of sheep that were given FTS contained less DM (304 vs. 371 g·kg -1 , P < 0.05) and tended to have a higher concentration of VFA (383 and 235 mmol·kg -1 DM, P < 0.1) indicating that in FTS at least one part of the starch which escaped digestion in the rumen passed through the small intestine undigested and was fermented in the large intestine. It was concluded that FTS could provide about three times more postruminally digested starch and about 20% more metabolisable protein than DTS. Résumé -Effet du génotype de maïs (denté vs. corné) sur le site et le volume de la digestion de l'amidon et des protéines, sur la fermentation ruminale, et sur la synthèse des protéines microbiennes dans le rumen chez les ovins. La digestibilité des protéines, de l'amidon et des constituants pariétaux dans l'ensemble du tractus digestif, le rendement de synthèse des protéines microbiennes dans le rumen et les proportions molaires des acides gras volatils (AGV) dans le jus de rumen et dans les fèces ont été déterminées sur des ovins qui ont reçu de l'ensilage de maïs de type denté (DTS) ou corné (FTS). Les dégradabilités dans le rumen ont été mesurées par la méthode in sacco sur trois ovins alors que le rendement de synthèse des protéines microbiennes a été déterminé à partir de l'excrétion urinaire des dérivés de purines en utilisant quatre ovins. L'importance de la dégradation de l'amidon et des protéines a été significativ...

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A note on the in sacco dry matter degradability of variously processed maize grains and of different maize varieties in sheep

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of chemical composition, starch gelatinization and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation characteristics of different types of maize grains

Comparison of chemical composition, starch gelatinization and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation characteristics of different types of maize grains

Effects of Ruminant Digestion on Germination of Lehmann Love-Grass Seed

The effect of dent versus flint maize genotype on site and the extent of starch and protein digestion, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep

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