A noticeable shift in particulate matter levels after platform screen door installation in a Korean subway station

The present work assesses indoor air quality in stations of the Barcelona subway system. PM2.5 concentrations on the platforms of 4 subway stations were measured during two different seasons and the chemical composition was determined. A Positive Matrix Factorization analysis was performed to identify and quantify the contributions of major PM2.5 sources in the subway stations. Mean PM2.5 concentrations varied according to the stations design and seasonal periods. PM2.5 was composed of haematite, carbonaceous aerosol, crustal matter, secondary inorganic compounds, trace elements, insoluble sulphate and halite. Organic compounds such as PAHs, nicotine, levoglucosan and aromatic musk compounds were also identified. Subway PM2.5 source comprised emissions from rails, wheels, catenaries, brake pads and pantographs. The subway source showed different chemical profiles for each station, but was always dominated by Fe. Control actions on the source are important for the achievement of better air quality in the subway environment.

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“…Kim et al (2012) and Querol et al (2012) also reported that the PSDs were helpful reducing PM levels on the platform.…”

Section: Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Origin of inorganic and organic components of PM 2.5 in subway stations of Barcelona, Spain

Martins

Moreno

Minguillón

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

115

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“…9c.). In Seoul, Korea, Kim et al (2012) found that PM10 concentrations at the platform were reduced by 16% after installation of full height platform screen doors. Therefore, the installation of full height screen doors in the Beijing subway could be an effective way to improve platform air quality, but the issue of removing the deposited subway PM from tunnels or slowing their release through air vents to the external urban environment remain important challenges.…”

Section: Implications For Subway Air Quality Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulometric and magnetic properties of deposited particles in the Beijing subway and the implications for air quality management

Cui

Zhou

Dearing

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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The subway system is an important traffic facility in Beijing and its internal air quality is an environmental issue that could potentially affect millions of people every day. Due to the intrinsic nature of rail abrasion in subway tunnels, iron-containing particles can be generated and become suspended in the subway environment. While some studies (e.g. Li et al., 2006) have monitored the in-train levels of PM2.5s (particles < 2.5 μm), there is a lack of systematic assessment of the concentration and characteristics of iron-containing particles in the Beijing subway system. Here we report results of a study on the granulometric and magnetic properties of particulate samples collected at different localities of the Beijing subway system. Our results show that the subway samples are characterized by the presence of very fine particles. Volume proportions of 6.1 ± 1.3 % for PM2.5s and 27.5 ± 6.1 % for PM10s (particles < 10 μm) are found in the bulk subway particulate samples. These samples exhibit a strong magnetic signal, which is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that in naturally deposited particles collected in Beijing. Fine grained ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic minerals (e.g. iron and magnetite, respectively) are identified from mineral magnetic measurements and scanning electric microscopy. The samples collected from the Beijing stations with platform screen doors are found to be magnetically stronger and finer than those without them, suggesting that platform screen doors have failed to block the fine iron-containing particulate matters released from the rail tunnel. Given the potential health consequences of fine suspended ironcontaining particles, our results have important implications for air quality management in the Beijing subway system. We here submit a manuscript entitled "Granulometric and magnetic properties of particulate matter in the Beijing subway and the implications for air quality management". This work reports our finding of very fine particle matters in the Beijing subway environment, which are characterized by distinctly strong magnetic signals compared to those in naturally deposited particles. We also found variation of magnetic PM in the subway environment with platform screen door designs.Considering the potential health consequences of fine suspended iron-containing particles identified with magnetic techniques, our results not only have important implications for air quality management in the Beijing subway system but also demonstrate a new way of assessing environmental quality in metropolitan cities with subways.Thank you for your consideration. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 ABSTRACT The subway system is an important traffic facility in Beijing and its internal air quality is an environmental issue that could potentially affect mill...

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“…The subway aerosol particles are mainly generated by the abrasion of rail tracks, wheels, catenary and brake pads produced by the motion of the trains, and the movement of passengers which promotes the mixing and suspension of PM (Querol et al, 2012). PM levels have been reported in many subway systems, such as in Milan (Colombi et al, 2013), Barcelona (Querol et al, 2012;Moreno et al, 2014), Taipei (Cheng et al, 2008(Cheng et al, , 2012Cheng and Lin, 2010), Seoul (Kim et al, 2008(Kim et al, , 2012Park and Ha, 2008;Jung et al, 2010), Mexico City (Mugica-Álvarez et al, 2012;Gómez-Perales et al, 2004), Los Angeles (Kam et al, 2011a,b), New York (Wang and Gao, 2011;Chillrud et al, 2004Chillrud et al, , 2005, Shanghai (Ye et al, 2010), Sydney (Knibbs and de Dear, 2010), Buenos Aires (Murruni et al, 2009), Paris (Raut et al, 2009), Budapest (Salma et al, 2007), Beijing (Li et al, 2006(Li et al, , 2007, Prague (Braniš, 2006), Rome (Ripanucci et al, 2006), Helsinki (Aarnio et al, 2005), London (Seaton et al, 2005;Adams et al, 2001), Stockholm (Johansson and Johansson, 2003), Hong Kong (Chan et al, 2002a), Guangzhou (Chan et al, 2002b), Tokyo (Furuya et al, 2001), Boston (Levy et al, 2000), and Berlin (Fromme et al, 1998). However, results are not always directly comparable because of differences in sampling and measurement methods, data analysis, duration of the measurements and the type of environment studi...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to airborne particulate matter in the subway system

Martins

Moreno

Minguillón

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

161

117

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The Barcelona subway system comprises eight subway lines, at different depths, with different tunnel dimensions, station designs and train frequencies. An extensive measurement campaign was performed in this subway system in order to characterise the airborne particulate matter (PM) measuring its concentration and investigating its variability, both inside trains and on platforms, in two different seasonal periods (warmer and colder), to better understand the main factors controlling it, and therefore the way to improve air quality. The majority of PM in the underground stations is generated within the subway system, due to abrasion and wear of rail tracks, wheels and braking pads caused during the motion of the trains. Substantial variation in average PM concentrations between underground stations was observed, which might be associated to different ventilation and air conditioning systems, characteristics/design of each station and variations in the train frequency. Average PM2.5 concentrations on the platforms in the subway operating hours ranged from 20 to 51 and from 41 to 91 μg m(-3) in the warmer and colder period, respectively, mainly related to the seasonal changes in the subway ventilation systems. The new subway lines with platform screen doors showed PM2.5 concentrations lower than those in the conventional system, which is probably attributable not only to the more advanced ventilation setup, but also to the lower train frequency and the design of the stations. PM concentrations inside the trains were generally lower than those on the platforms, which is attributable to the air conditioning systems operating inside the trains, which are equipped with air filters. This study allows the analysis and quantification of the impact of different ventilation settings on air quality, which provides an improvement on the knowledge for the general understanding and good management of air quality in the subway system.

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A noticeable shift in particulate matter levels after platform screen door installation in a Korean subway station

Cited by 110 publications

References 20 publications

Origin of inorganic and organic components of PM 2.5 in subway stations of Barcelona, Spain

Origin of inorganic and organic components of PM 2.5 in subway stations of Barcelona, Spain

Granulometric and magnetic properties of deposited particles in the Beijing subway and the implications for air quality management

Exposure to airborne particulate matter in the subway system

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