A novel 3D mixed-mode multigrain model with efficient implementation of solute drag applied to austenite-ferrite phase transformations in Fe-C-Mn alloys

Fang, H.; Zwaag, Sybrand van der; Dijk, N.H. van

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116897

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…site saturation), even though in reality it is much more complicated. A nice example of the complexity arising when time-dependent ferrite nucleation is included in 3D simulations is the recent work of Fang et al [44]. Furthermore, experimental observations of nucleation are 'forensic' in nature, i.e.…”

Section: Complexities Of Austenite-to-ferrite Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in the latter case, both the binding energy and the trans-interface diffusivity are important and provided there is sufficient binding energy the trans-interface diffusivity is of primary importance. Recently, Fang et al [44] proposed a 3D computational model that combines a nucleation model with the solute drag model of Purdy and Bréchet [96] to describe the austenite-ferrite transformation, including the evolution of the ferrite grain size distribution in ternary Fe-C-Mn systems. The model was applied to a range of heat treatment paths to simulate isothermal, continuous cooling and cyclic transformation.…”

Section: Dissipation Due To Interfacial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Fang et al [44] proposed a 3D computational model that combines a nucleation model with the solute drag model of Purdy and Bréchet [96] to describe the austenite-ferrite transformation, including the evolution of the ferrite grain size distribution in ternary Fe–C–Mn systems. The model was applied to a range of heat treatment paths to simulate isothermal, continuous cooling and cyclic transformation.…”

Section: Modelling Of Migrating Fcc-bcc Interfaces In Alloyed Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that this behaviour of the effective mobility can be rationalized with solute drag. In particular, the CCT cases considered in the 3D phase-field simulations of Militzer et al [165] were re-analysed by Fang et al [44] with the aforementioned 3D mixed-mode ferrite growth model that includes solute drag to obtain a consistent description of the experimental CCT data.…”

Section: Meso-scale Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of the diffusional austenite-ferrite transformation

Militzer

Hutchinson

Zurob

et al. 2023

International Materials Reviews

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The austenite-ferrite transformation is the key metallurgical tool to tailor properties of low alloyed steels and remains an active area of research. Models have yet to be developed with truly predictive capabilities for phase transformations in multi-component commercial steels. This review provides a critical analysis of the various austenite-to-ferrite diffusional transformation model approaches that have been significantly broadened over the past decade by modelling at different length scales, i.e. classical macro-scale models have been augmented with simulations at the meso-scale and atomistic scale. Both semi-empirical and fundamental models are reviewed with an emphasis on polygonal ferrite formation in low and medium carbon steels. Formation of ferrite with more complex morphologies (i.e. irregular/bainitic/Widmanstätten ferrite) is also discussed. In particular, approaches to describe the interaction of alloying elements with the austenite-ferrite interface are critically analysed. The paper concludes with an outlook on the proposed austenite-ferrite transformation modelling work for the next decade.

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Section: Complexities Of Austenite-to-ferrite Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dissipation Due To Interfacial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Of Migrating Fcc-bcc Interfaces In Alloyed Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meso-scale Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modelling of the diffusional austenite-ferrite transformation

Militzer

Hutchinson

Zurob

et al. 2023

International Materials Reviews

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“…In the quasi-equilibrium theory, assuming that only C reaches a complete local equilibrium at the interface between austenite and ferrite, alloy elements do not undergo redistribution during transformation. Based on these theories, specific models were developed, including the cellular automata model [16,17], the mixed-mode multigrain model [18], and the numerical model [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinetics of Phase Transition of Austenite to Ferrite in Medium-Carbon Microalloy Steel

Liu

Zhou

2021

Metals

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To reduce energy and resource consumption, high-strength hot-rolled rebars with yield strengths of ≥400 MPa (HRB500) and ≥500 MPa (HRB600) have been designed and produced in recent years. Optimizing the microstructure in the steel to improve strength necessitates determining the kinetics of the phase transition of austenite to polygonal ferrite. Therefore, in the study, the effect of temperature and holding time on the volume fraction of ferrite is investigated in HRB500 and HRB600 steels. Experimental results show that the ferrite percentage initially increases with an increase in temperature and then decreases as the temperature increases from 600 to 730 °C. The optimum temperature range is 680–700 °C for HRB500 steel and 650–680 °C for HRB600 steel. Based on the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation, phase transition kinetic models are established. Model predictions are consistent with the validation data. Thus, this study establishes a reference for studying ferrite formation during cooling.

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Unlocking the Mechanisms behind Austenite Formation of Cold‐Rolled Ferrite–Martensite Dual‐Phase Steels: The Role of Ferrite Recrystallization

Lan,

Tang,

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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In this study, the austenite formation behavior is investigated for the ferrite–pearlite initial microstructure, considering the influence of ferrite recrystallization and cementite distribution. Special attention is also given to the effect of recrystallization state on cementite distribution for varied heating routes. Austenite nucleation for varied recrystallization state is elucidated in terms of activation energy evaluation and post microstructural characterization, and the austenite transformation kinetics are modeled and experimentally validated. In the uncrystallized state, austenite forms on the original pearlite colonies quickly due to the short carbon diffusion path. The high activation energy leads to the exceptionally difficult nucleation at the ferrite–cementite interface inside ferrite matrix. Once recrystallization occurs partially, priority of austenite nucleation is on those ferrite boundaries (both recrystallized and unrecrystallized boundaries) decorated by cementite. With complete recrystallization, preferential nucleation sites are found to be junctions of ferrite–cementite interface on recrystallized ferrite boundaries. Austenite transformation kinetics is well predicted by considering the varied nucleation density due to different recrystallization state, showing a good agreement with experimental data. It is demonstrated directly by experimental evidence that proceeding of recrystallization postpones the austenite transformation kinetics, while getting rid of the interference of heating rate and nucleation location.

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A novel 3D mixed-mode multigrain model with efficient implementation of solute drag applied to austenite-ferrite phase transformations in Fe-C-Mn alloys

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Modelling of the diffusional austenite-ferrite transformation

Modelling of the diffusional austenite-ferrite transformation

The Kinetics of Phase Transition of Austenite to Ferrite in Medium-Carbon Microalloy Steel

Unlocking the Mechanisms behind Austenite Formation of Cold‐Rolled Ferrite–Martensite Dual‐Phase Steels: The Role of Ferrite Recrystallization

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