A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals

Abstract

Ever since the interest in organic environmental contaminants first emerged 50 years ago, there has been a need to present discussion of such chemicals and their transformation products using simple abbreviations so as to avoid the repetitive use of long chemical names. As the number of chemicals of concern has increased, the number of abbreviations has also increased dramatically, sometimes resulting in the use of different abbreviations for the same chemical. In this article, we propose abbreviations for flame retardants (FRs) substituted with bromine or chlorine atoms or including a functional group containing phosphorus, i.e. BFRs, CFRs and PFRs, respectively. Due to the large number of halogenated and organophosphorus FRs, it has become increasingly important to develop a strategy for abbreviating the chemical names of FRs. In this paper, a two step procedure is proposed for deriving practical abbreviations (PRABs) for the chemicals discussed. In the first step, structural abbreviations (STABs) are developed using specific STAB criteria based on the FR structure. However, since several of the derived STABs are complicated and long, we propose instead the use of PRABs. These are, commonly, an extract of the most essential part of the STAB, while also considering abbreviations previously used in the literature. We indicate how these can be used to develop an abbreviation that can be generally accepted by scientists and other professionals involved in FR related work. Tables with PRABs and STABs for BFRs, CFRs and PFRs are presented, including CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) numbers, notes of abbreviations that have been used previously, CA (Chemical Abstract) name, common names and trade names, as well as some fundamental physico-chemical constants.

Rapid determination of tetrabromobisphenol A and its main derivatives in aqueous samples by ultrasound-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography

“…Their structures are given in the Supporting Information (Table S-1, along with the offical abbreviation [21]). Stock solution of each was prepared at a concentration of 100 mg L À 1 in methanol and stored at 4 1C.…”

Identification of Tetrabromobisphenol A Allyl Ether and Tetrabromobisphenol A 2,3-Dibromopropyl Ether in the Ambient Environment near a Manufacturing Site and in Mollusks at a Coastal Region

“…13−15 High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC−MS/MS) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC−MS) have been previously used to analyze some TBBPA derivatives. 11,12 In a previous study on TBBPA BAE and TBBPA BDBPE, Letcher et al applied HPLC coupled with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) MS/MS as the analysis method. 13,15 A HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS method was also applied to determine TBBPA BAE in lake trout.…”

“…TBBPA BDBPE is applied as an additive flame retardant in polyolefin resins and polystyrene. 4,11 Because of the large number of potential TBBPA analogues, there is still a need for developing sensitive analytical methods to investigate their environmental occurrence and distribution, 9 because these compounds could be environmentally persistent and have the potential for long-range atmospheric transport. 4 Although TBBPA has been widely studied, 12 only a few published studies have been reported on the analytical methodology, environmental behavior, and toxicity of TBBPA derivatives.…”

Disposition of the Emerging Brominated Flame Retardant, 2-Ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-Tetrabromobenzoate, in Female SD Rats and Male B6C3F1 Mice: Effects of Dose, Route, and Repeated Administration

“…2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) is lipophilic (logP est : 7.73-8.75) (Bergman et al, 2012;USEPA, 2016) and may cross membranes, but little is known about the disposition of EH-TBB in vivo for humans or animals. In vitro, EH-TBB was hydrolyzed to TBBA by esterases present in porcine intestine preparations, human and rat liver cytosol and microsomal protein, and rat serum .…”