“…In short, ratiometric fluorescence sensors have received increasing research attention due to their simple operation, safety, good stability, and suitability for high-throughput screening applications [ 26 ]. In the past few years, the ratiometric fluorescent sensors have been extensively used in the detection of diverse analytes including metal ions [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], anions [ 30 , 31 ], organic pollutants [ 32 ], and biomacromolecules [ 33 ]. However, a smartphone-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the detection of Ca 2+ content in bovine serum, to the best of our knowledge, has not been developed.…”