A novel and stable ultraviolet and infrared intensity sensor in impedance/capacitance modes fabricated from degraded CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite materials

Abstract

The present situation of COVID-19 diverted our focus towards utilizing the degraded solar cells for sensor application, this will help in global energy harvesting. So, here is our successful effort to reuse already degraded solar cells as ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) sensor. The spin-coated perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-X Cl X ) has been already tested for visible light spectrum, as an extension to that now it is utilized as UV and IR intensity sensors to cover the whole spectrum. The employed CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-X Cl X material was used after its efficiency loss has been reached to a saturation point in photovoltaic devices. Each deposited layer was investigated from UV to the IR absorption spectrum for deepening study through UV–vis spectroscopy. In the sandwiched architecture possessing FTO/PEDOT: PSS/Perovskite/PC 61 BM/CdS/Au symmetry, the perovskite film has been employed as an absorbent layer, however, other layers participation also plays a key role. The resultant device yielded very good sensing performance because of the enhanced excitons generation which is attributed to the precise selection of the interfacial materials, e.g. CdS and PC 61 BM as an ETM and PEDOT: PSS as HTM. The impedance and capacitance of the devices within 0.01−200 kHz under varied UV and IR illumination intensities were investigated. Measurements showed that as the intensity of the light increased i.e., UV (0–200 W/m 2 ) and IR (0–5800 W/m 2 ), impedance decreased while capacitance increased. The current results are attributed to the increase in the concentration of charges i.e., electron-hole pairs generation depending on the built-in capacitance and frequency of the charges.

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“…The effect of longitudinal (A) and transversal (B) displacements on CI Disperse Orange 25, carbon nanotubes and silicone adhesive composite samples hand, at higher frequencies, before the charges have time to settle or respond, the frequency has already changed, therefore the sensitivity is low. 45,46 The sensitivity of the device can be measured using Equations 3 and 4:…”

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“…The Clausius–Mosotti relationship may be expressed as relation if only the charge carrier transfer polarizability (α tr ) is considered ε − 1 ε + 2 = N α tr 3 ε 0 where N is the total charge carrier concentration, ε 0 is the permittivity of free space, and ε is the relative permittivity. The early peaks are very high, which might be due to charge recombination and/or the surface charges settling down later. , Light-generated charge carriers play a crucial role in increasing the capacitance of the material. Because of the physical adsorption phenomena, the device’s overall capacitance increases as a result of the surface capacitive process .…”

“…The early peaks are very high, which might be due to charge recombination and/or the surface charges settling down later. 67,68 Light-generated charge carriers play a crucial role in increasing the capacitance of the material. Because of the physical adsorption phenomena, the device's overall capacitance increases as a result of the surface capacitive process.…”

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