A Novel Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale to Predict Preferred Pleasantness Associated with Forest Environments

Abstract

In this study, a method for predicting the preferred pleasantness induced by different forest environments, represented by virtual photographs, was proposed and evaluated using a novel Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale psychometric test. The evaluation questionnaire contained twenty-one items divided into four different subscales. The factor structure was assessed in two separate samples collected online (sample 1: n = 254, sample 2: n = 280). The internal validity of the four subscales was confirmed using exploratory factor analysis. Discriminant validity was tested and confirmed using the Amoebic Self Scale (spatial–symbolic domain). Concurrent validity was confirmed using the Connectedness to Nature Scale. Predictive validity was based on an assessment of pleasantness induced by nine different photographs (control—urban landscapes, forest landscapes, dense forest landscapes), with subscales differently correlated with the level of pleasantness assessed for each photograph. This evaluation instrument is appropriate for predicting preferred pleasantness induced by different forest environments.

Automated Stress Recognition Using Supervised Learning Classifiers by Interactive Virtual Reality Scenes

“…However, they provide little evidence on such interactions. Some studies were conducted to explore the effects of virtual reality natural scenic videos on stress detection [43] and reduction [44], [45], with additional tasks, that is, performing digits calculations [45], used to induce stress. Others presented more specific stressful scenarios using VRET, such as public speech anxiety [18], dental phobias in adults [46] and fear of heights [47], which were achievements of the immersion perceived from experiencing videos, images, and sounds in a VR world.…”

Complementarity with Real Forests: A Conceptual Framework and Narrative Review of Multidimensional Effects in Virtual Forests

“…Several infectious diseases are associated with forests, such as the Puumala virus (PUUV) and malaria, and forests can potentially expose people to disasters such as fires and floods [20]. Certain scholars have developed the Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale (AEFES) [21] to address the potential negative effects of real forests. Therefore, seeking complementary programs for exposing the public to nature to effectively improve physical and mental health has become an urgent issue.…”