“…In 1922, Banach introduced his fixed point theorem, which implies that if
is complete and
is closed then every contraction on
has a fixed point. This theorem later became an important tool in many branches of mathematics, especially in analysis and studies on differential equations (cf., e.g., [
3, 14]). There are many researches on converses of the Banach fixed point theorem (cf., e.g., [
2, 6, 11, 13]).…”