A Novel Approach Based on Dielectric Dispersion Measurements to Evaluate the Quality of Complex Shaly-sand Reservoirs

Pirrone, Marco; Han, Mangui; Bona, N.; Borghi, M.; Galli, Maria Teresa; Pampuri, F.; Faivre, Ollivier; Hizem, Mehdi; Kherroubi, Josselin; Mossé, Laurent

doi:10.2118/147245-ms

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The EPT (Electromagnetic Propagation Tool) working at 1.1GHz was reported to provide hydrate saturation in reservoirs in Alaska, and the inversion results had good consistency with other logging methods such as ultrasonic and electrical resistivity tools [13][14][15]. Compared to the electrical resistivity methods, the dielectric method has many advantages such as less prone to water salinity and better vertical resolution, which are desirable for hydrate reservoir evaluation of the sea floor sediments such as salt water invasion and quantitative evaluation of hydrate saturation in thin layers [16,17]. Physical characteristics of unconsolidated porous media containing hydrate crystals are important to natural gas hydrate detection and exploitation from the sea bottom and tundra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Then the three systematic errors were mathematically removed from subsequent permittivity measurements. Гa is derived from the following equation, and it equals the complex reflection coefficient Г * in (15) [ (16) In this study, the compensation was carried out by using 25℃ deionized water, a short circuit kit with gold plated rubber, and air. The permittivity of pure water at standard atmospheric pressure and the temperature of 25℃ was adopted as the referenced permittivity of the 25℃ deionized water [72], and the reflection coefficients with air and deionized water were derived with (15).…”

Section: Inversion Of the Complex Permittivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Dielectric Model for Unconsolidated Porous Media Containing Hydrate

Wang

Zhang

Xing

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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This paper reports a novel dielectric model developed for estimating the complex permittivity of unconsolidated porous media containing gas hydrate. The complex permittivity spectra were experimentally obtained by using open-ended-coaxial-probes over a frequency range between 1MHz and 3GHz, in which the dielectric dispersion of both hydrate and liquid solution are covered. With tetrahydrofuran used as the hydrate former, reflection coefficients were recorded during the hydrate formation and dissociation processes in quartz sands and the complex permittivity spectra were inversed. Volumetric fractions estimated from the X-ray-tomography were used as the referenced values. Experimental data showed that the Maxwell-Wagner effect, surface conductance, and phase configuration can affect the bulk permittivity. The discrepancy was found to be unacceptable when the fitting was conducted with pre-existing models such as Complex-Refractive-Index-Method and Maxwell-Wagner-Bruggeman-Hanai. In this study, by modifying the nested Wagner's theory, a shell coated model was applied, and the surface of the solid sphere was assumed to possess surface conductance when it was humidified by the liquid solution. In contrast to Complex-Refractive-Index-Method and Maxwell-Wagner-Bruggeman-Hanai, the proposed model allows more accurate estimation of the volumetric fraction. By adopting this model with a range of dielectric measurements with different phase configurations, temperature, particle size, surface conductivity, and frequency, the contents of components and their influences onto the bulk permittivity can be physically estimated. The proposed model provides an essential tool for the interpretation of dielectric dispersion curves and the prediction of the volumetric fractions, which can be useful for both the field and laboratory applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Inversion Of the Complex Permittivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Dielectric Model for Unconsolidated Porous Media Containing Hydrate

Wang

Zhang

Xing

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…Numerous dielectric forward models have been developed and used in our work to convert the dielectric measurements into water saturation, water salinity and rock matrix.The models are so-called bimodal, Stroud-Milton-De (SMD), shaly sand, and complex refractive index model (CRIM) (Stroud et al 2006;Feng and Sen. 1985;Seleznev et al 2006;Pirrone et al 2011). Each type of model has inherent strengths and weaknesses based on the assumptions intrinsic to the model.…”

Section: Dielectric Loggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Shale Gas Rocks Using Dielectric Dispersion and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

et al. 2013

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Shale gas has become a significant resource play in the USA over the past few years, and oil companies are now evaluating the shale gas potential of many sedimentary basins. The successful development of these shale gas systems has led to a strong exploration campaign in Saudi Arabia to investigate its several onshore basins. These "shales" have complex and varying mineralogies and require intensive petrophysical analysis to determine even basic characteristics. The renewed focus on rock sequences has necessitated the development of workflows and methods for characterizing these shale rocks. With the deployment of new methods comes the need for interpretation frameworks to understand properties from diverse measurements. We investigated the use of two techniques, the dielectric dispersion technique and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as potential tools for systematic shale characterization and examined their applicability to reservoir evaluation in shale plays.Dielectric properties were measured on a suite of shale gas rock samples selected from several wells across the Silurian source rock formation. The frequency range of 10 MHz to 1 GHz covers the different polarization types of the electric field within the rock samples. The dependence of minerals in the shale-gas rocks on the interpretation of the dielectric response was studied. The dual-range Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique was used to accurately quantify the mineralogical composition of the studied samples, including pyrite. Pyrite has an obvious effect on the dielectric responses, and an accurate estimation of its volume is crucial for an enhanced interpretation of the dielectric response. The dependence of the effective matrix permittivity to the shale-gas minerals was well investigated in this work. A workflow was developed to accurately estimate the effective permittivity of the rock matrix to enhance the estimate of water volume from the dielectric response. The high-resolution retort was also used for the quantification of water content, and the results were compared to the water saturations from dielectric dispersion. NMR T 2 was also measured on the selected shale gas rock samples using very short echo spacing to capture all the inorganic and organic porosity at the nanometer scale. An accurate estimation of total porosity from NMR and total water content from dielectric dispersion enhances the estimation of the total gas in place of the shale-gas rocks.

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“…The Schlumberger Array Dielectric Logging Tool (ADT) [4], also known as the Dielectric Scanner, and the Baker Hughes, GE (BHGE) company's Array Dielectric eXplorer Formation Evaluation Service [2] both use multifrequency multi-spacing measurements for formation detection, and the depth of investigation (DOI) can go up to 10 cm, with a resolution of 1 inch (0.0254 cm). They can be used to investigate the properties of formation rock fluids, as well as the dielectric dispersion effect of rock skeletons, and to discern between different geological structures [12][13][14]18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Computing Method and Response Characteristic Analysis for Array Dielectric Logging

Cai¹,

Deng²

2022

PIER C

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Dielectric logging is a valuable tool for locating and developing tight reservoirs, low contrast reservoirs, shale oil and gas reservoirs, and other unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. The processing of multi-frequency and multi-spacing dielectric logging measurements is based on a stable and efficient response computation algorithm. An equivalent computation model for the push-against-hole array dielectric logging tool is established in this paper, and an improved forward method based on the semi-analytical algorithm for dielectric logging response is devised. Thus the calculation speed of each measurement point's dielectric logging response is increased by more than 8 times. Dielectric logging response charts are also constructed, showing amplitude attenuation and phase shift as functions of formation resistivity and relative permittivity at various operating frequencies. The effects of mud cake, invasion, and anisotropy on the response signal are then simulated and evaluated. The findings reveal that: (1) as the high-frequency response changes significantly when the mud cake is thick, to correct the mud cake's influence, the mud cake parameters can be extracted using the high-frequency detection mode. (2) Invasion has a complicated effect on the high-frequency response, and higher resistivity or relative permittivity in the invasion zone can readily lead to an oscillatory nonlinear shift in the response as a function of invasion depth. This means that for high-resistivity and high-permittivity formations, high-frequency response has a larger sensitivity and a deeper depth of investigation. (3) When the anisotropy coefficient is small, the high-frequency response is preferable for extracting anisotropy; however, as anisotropy increases, the low-frequency response becomes more sensitive to anisotropy than the high-frequency response.

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A Novel Approach Based on Dielectric Dispersion Measurements to Evaluate the Quality of Complex Shaly-sand Reservoirs

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Integrated Dielectric Model for Unconsolidated Porous Media Containing Hydrate

Integrated Dielectric Model for Unconsolidated Porous Media Containing Hydrate

Characterization of Shale Gas Rocks Using Dielectric Dispersion and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Fast Computing Method and Response Characteristic Analysis for Array Dielectric Logging

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