“…The error between the dynamic liquid level and the measured value is calculated by the data-driven model, which makes the hybrid model have better performance to approximate the real dynamic liquid level value. Hybrid modelling technology and data-driven soft sensing have been successfully applied in many complex industrial processes: chemical processes in the work by Dang et al (2020), Gharehbaghi and Sadeghi (2016), Mecchia et al (2019), Sun et al (2019aSun et al ( , 2019b, and Tian et al (2016); metallurgical and meteorological processes in the work by Chen et al (2017), Saqib and Porter (2016), Tian (2020b), Wang et al (2019), Saqib et al (2016), and Wang et al (2019); and oil and gas production processes in the work by Li XY et al, (2020), Li K et al, (2020a), Li K et al, (2020b), Tian ZD (2020a.…”