A novel approach of using zeolite for ammonium toxicity mitigation and value-added Spirulina cultivation in wastewater

Emerging technologies of algae‐based wastewater remediation for bio‐fertilizer production: a promising pathway to sustainable agriculture

“…To alleviate the ammonia toxicity in wastewater, previous studies employed a variety of pretreatment methods 25,26 . For example, the pretreatment by nitrification and ammonia stripping could reduce the concentration of ammonia in wastewater via nitrifying bacteria activity and air bubbling, respectively, thus creating a favorable environment for algae growth.…”

“…The addition of zeolite in wastewater could not only alleviate the ammonia toxicity, but also mitigate the nitrogen deficiency at the later stage of algae cultivation. Owing to the continuous supply of nitrogen by zeolite, algae with high protein content (69.8% of total dry weight) and high biomass yield (4.31 g L −1 ) were obtained 25 …”

“…To alleviate the ammonia toxicity in wastewater, previous studies employed a variety of pretreatment methods. 25,26 For example, the pretreatment by nitrification and ammonia stripping could reduce the concentration of ammonia in wastewater via nitrifying bacteria activity and air bubbling, respectively, thus creating a favorable environment for algae growth. In addition, Lu et al reported the feasibility of using zeolite to absorb ammonia at the initial stage and then release ammonia into wastewater at the later stage for the growth of Spirulina sp.…”

“…In addition, Lu et al reported the feasibility of using zeolite to absorb ammonia at the initial stage and then release ammonia into wastewater at the later stage for the growth of Spirulina sp. 25 The addition of zeolite in wastewater could not only alleviate the ammonia toxicity, but also mitigate the nitrogen deficiency at the later stage of algae cultivation. Owing to the continuous supply of nitrogen by zeolite, algae with high protein content (69.8% of total dry weight) and high biomass yield (4.31 g L −1 ) were obtained.…”

“…Owing to the continuous supply of nitrogen by zeolite, algae with high protein content (69.8% of total dry weight) and high biomass yield (4.31 g L −1 ) were obtained. 25 Application of algal bio-fertilizer Current studies cover both fundamental research and applied research, fully documenting the positive effects of algal biofertilizers on plant growth, crop yield, soil microorganisms, nutritional value of fruits, and seed germination. [9][10][11] Driven by the ecological and economic benefits, researchers from academia and industry have developed three major models to utilize the algal bio-fertilizers in agriculture (Fig.…”