A Novel Approach to the Production of Biochar with Improved Fuel Characteristics from Biomass Waste

Wyn, Hons K.; Zárate, Sergio; Carrascal, Jerónimo; Yermán, Luis

doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00909-1

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Hemp feedstock Fig. 3 Van Krevelen diagram for hemp biomass and its biochar 1 3 biomass presented much higher ratios of H/C and O/C than biochar (Table 4), as reported in the literature [45]. The H/C and O/C ratios of the hemp biochar decreased with increasing carbonization temperature.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Elemental Composition Through Carbonization Processsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…These authors [46] reported that the mainly aliphatic carbon structures in the polymer units of cellulose changed after pyrolysis to a mix of aliphatic, alkene, aromatic, carboxylic and carbonyl carbon structures. Wyn et al [45] associated energy densification in the biochar samples with the loss of compounds containing hydrogen and oxygen during the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Elemental Composition Through Carbonization Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorization of Hemp Stalk Waste Through Thermochemical Conversion for Energy and Electrical Applications

Marrot

Candelier

Valette

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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The presented research aimed at finding new ways to value hemp by-products (stalks) from the cannabidiol industry through thermochemical conversion. Chemical and elemental composition of hemp biomass was investigated by successive chemical extractions and Scanning Electron Microscopy along with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Proximate and elemental analyses completed the chemical characterization of the hemp biomass and its biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis of the hemp biomass allowed to understand its kinetic of decomposition during thermal conversion. The carbon structure and porosity of the biochar were assessed by Raman spectroscopy and CO2 gas adsorption. Properties of interest were the energy production measured through calorific values, and the electrical conductivity. Two ways of valorisation of the hemp biomass were clearly identified, depending mainly on the chosen pyrolysis temperature. Hemp biochar carbonized at 400–600°C were classified as lignocellulosic materials with a good potential for solid biofuel applications. Specifically, the resulting carbonized biochar presented low moisture content (below 2.50%) favourable for high fuel quality, low volatile matter (27.1–10.4%) likely to show lower particle matter emissions, limited ash content (6.8–9.8%) resulting in low risk of fouling issues during the combustion, high carbon content (73.8–86.8%) suggesting strong energy density, associated with high higher heating values (28.45–30.95 MJ kg−1). Hemp biochar carbonized at 800–1000 °C displayed interesting electrical conductivity, opening opportunities for its use in electrical purposes. The electrical conductivity was related to the evolution of the biochar microstructure (development of graphite-like structure and changes in microporosity) in regard with the thermochemical conversion process parameters. Graphical abstract

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Section: Evolution Of the Elemental Composition Through Carbonization Processsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Evolution Of the Elemental Composition Through Carbonization Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Hemp Stalk Waste Through Thermochemical Conversion for Energy and Electrical Applications

Marrot

Candelier

Valette

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Small‐scale or farm level operators often employ incomplete combustion for biochar production, where a simple production method involves burning biomass in pits, and spraying water or restricting air to extinguish the fire. Other systematic approaches include smoldering combustion, 21 use of flame cap kilns, 22 or modifying boilers and furnaces for production and harvest of biochar 23 . Pyrolysis is a process that allows for the near complete exclusion of oxygen, and is widely used in biochar production, where the heating rate and the reaction temperatures can shift the ratio of bio‐oil to biochar, with lower values (< 50 °C/min, 300–400 °C) preferring the biochar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Market prospects for biochar production and application in California

Thengane

Kung

Hunt

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The state of California could play an important role in emerging markets for biochar, due in part to the availability of low‐value biomass resources and their potential for use in agriculture sector. In this study, we assess the scale of production and use, and comment on potential markets for biochar in California. We explore various sectors for the application of biochar produced from local biomass using surveys and a market‐sizing approach. A market‐oriented approach for biochar innovation and the ecosystem around a biochar producer is also discussed. Next, we identify barriers to biochar market success in the present and the near future based on a survey of local producers. Among the barriers analyzed, access to capital investment for scale‐up is the biggest barrier experienced by a majority of producers, followed by market and demand. When grouped under different categories, the extent of barriers decreased in the order: market > scale‐up > technical > socio‐political > environmental. Most producers anticipate that revenues from carbon offset credits would help them scale up their facilities and expand the biochar market. In the near future, soil‐based applications of biochar could be the most likely market for biochar, followed by filtration, livestock feed, and manure management. As the industry evolves, rewarding carbon credits, increasing awareness and improving production processes are expected to help commercialize biochar. Finally, we offer recommendations to promote the growth of biochar in California. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…The existence of the pyrolysis zone presents the potential for the production of value-added products, such as biochar [21] and bio-oil [22], [23]. While the production of liquid fuels has been investigated, the conditions required to maximize these products (short residence time and fast heating rates [24]) cannot be attained during SSS.…”

Section: Gas Production From Smouldering Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Gas Production From Self-Sustaining Smouldering Combustion of Lignocellulosic Waste

Wyn¹,

Konarova²,

Perkins³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Smouldering combustion has shown to be an effective application for soil remediation and as a waste treatment method for solids with high moisture content. The experimental set-up of smouldering combustion reactors is similar to autothermal fixed-bed gasification, updraft reactor configuration. In this study, smouldering experiments were conducted using lignocellulosic agricultural waste. The moisture content of lignocellulosic biomass was varied between 10 % to 50 %. Air flux was varied between 1.8 and 7.4 cm/s. Experiments were also conducted with varying oxygen concentration in the airflow (3.6 – 21 %), addition of sand (4 and 8 g/g) and other lignocellulosic material (wood pellets, and residual berry plant). Fuel gas with maximum H2, CO, CH4, CO2 concentrations of 7.7, 32.6, 2.3, and 57.4 % (N2 free) respectively were obtained with 10 % moisture content and 7.4 cm/s air flux. The smouldering yielded 1.24 Nm3/kgfeed_dry of gas with calorific value of 1.82 MJ/Nm3 (HHV).

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A Novel Approach to the Production of Biochar with Improved Fuel Characteristics from Biomass Waste

Cited by 26 publications

References 51 publications

Valorization of Hemp Stalk Waste Through Thermochemical Conversion for Energy and Electrical Applications

Valorization of Hemp Stalk Waste Through Thermochemical Conversion for Energy and Electrical Applications

Market prospects for biochar production and application in California

Fuel Gas Production From Self-Sustaining Smouldering Combustion of Lignocellulosic Waste

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